The rapid development of online banking in developed countries and regions has first benefited from the integrity of network infrastructure and the sound legal framework of e-commerce. It can be said that there is no government or private institutions to conduct e-commerce Website Design It is impossible for citizens to accept the new transaction mode in a short time. Without legislation on electronic transaction and security authentication, banks will not be rapidly popularized through the Internet. It should be said that the concepts and practices of online banking supervision in developed countries and regions are similar, mainly reflecting the following common characteristics.
First, the financial regulatory authorities of the above countries and regions have realized in practice that online banking is still in the initial stage of development, and the supervision of online banking is basically still in the exploration and understanding stage. At the beginning of the development of online banking, they were able to respond and judge in a timely manner, study the actual impact and potential impact of online banking on the risk management of the banking industry in advance, provide the banking industry with guidance on risk disclosure or best practices, and determine the market access procedures and continuous regulatory requirements of online banking in the form of laws and regulations, On the one hand, it ensures the steady operation of online banking under the prudential framework, and more importantly, it sends a signal to the market that the regulatory authorities support the banking industry to use new technologies for financial innovation.
Second, all regulatory authorities regard the Internet as one of the channels for banks to expand their products and services. Therefore, the existing banks carry out traditional business in the way of "cement plus mouse", which is not the focus of regulatory review, nor need to go through strict market access procedures. The regulatory authorities are more concerned about new forms of services that are different from traditional business and have Internet characteristics, such as account integration Electronic bill presentation, etc.
Third, the regulatory authorities generally attach importance to the issue of virtual banks. The emergence of virtual banks is a great challenge to the traditional regulatory requirements and means. Therefore, the establishment, change and exit of virtual banks are the most concerned areas of market quasi human management. All regulatory authorities have stipulated strict conditions for establishment and regulatory standards.
Fourth, the regulatory authorities generally require the participation of intermediaries in the market access link, and require that new virtual banks or existing banks must submit a security drill evaluation report issued by an independent third party before opening online banking business.
Fifthly, the regulatory authorities have similar requirements for the risk identification and management methods of commercial banks' online banking business. Network technology has brought new content to the traditional form of banking risk. The regulatory authorities have generally focused on risk issues related to technology, emphasized the importance of technical risk management, and also issued technical risk management guidelines, such as the Technical Risk Management document of the U.S. OCC, and the Security Risk Management Guidelines for Electronic Banking Services of Hong Kong Financial Authority.
Sixth, although the content of continuous supervision focuses on risks related to technology, there is little difference between the continuous supervision procedures of online banking business and traditional banking business supervision procedures in various countries (regions). When measuring the risk, both the risk assessment of online banking business itself and the assessment of the effectiveness of online banking risk management are taken into account. However, although there are many similarities, due to the differences in the development stages of online banking, the legal traditions and regulatory concepts formed in history, there are some differences between the regulatory authorities in terms of market access requirements and specific regulatory practices. Here are just a few examples: the United States and the European Union do not oppose the establishment of new virtual banking institutions in accordance with the Banking Law or relevant regulations, but Hong Kong does not allow the establishment of new virtual banks locally except for the transformation of existing licensed institutions into virtual banks; On the continuous supervision of online banking, the British risk supervision framework basically does not make a strict distinction between on-site and off-site supervision. The United States has this distinction, but it does not specifically propose off-site supervision requirements for online banking, while Hong Kong attaches great importance to off-site supervision, and has specially designed a "technical risk file" management system. In addition, in terms of the management of the cross-border development of Net_L Bank, the regulatory environment faced by the member states within the EU is a little looser than that of the United States and Hong Kong.
