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What is a network adapter

Date：2015-06-23 Source: Shangpin China Type: website encyclopedia
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Network Interface Adapter (NIA), also known as Network Interface Card (NIC), is a physical interface device used to directly connect computers with communication media.

1. Network card working level and function

The network card is a network component working at the data link layer of the OSI reference model, and is a physical interface connecting the computer and the communication media.

Function: not only realize Beijing Website Design The physical connection and electrical signal matching between LAN communication media are also responsible for the transmission and reception of data frames at the data link layer, the encapsulation and unpacking of data frames, the media access control of the physical layer, data encoding and decoding, and data caching.

As shown in Figure 3-4, a bus Ethernet network connected by coaxial thin cables to several computers works in CSMA/CD media access mode (CSMA/CD is explained in 5 3.3). In such a network, a computer (called a node) sends a unicast packet, that is, a packet with a single destination address will monopolize all the bandwidth of the communication medium, which means that no other node can send data (all nodes are in the same conflict domain). In addition, One node sends broadcast packets (that is, packets whose destination address points to all nodes), and other nodes can receive them (all nodes are in the same broadcast domain).
Network constructed by network card

2. Physical address

In addition to basic functions, each network card is given a serial number in the production process to identify the uniqueness of the network card in the world. This serial number is the physical address of the network card, which is usually called the MAC address (see question 3-1 in Chapter 11 for detailed explanation of MAC). It consists of 48 bits of binary numbers, with a total of 6 bytes. It is usually divided into 6 segments and expressed in hexadecimal, such as. O-DO-09-A 1-D7-B7。 The serial number FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF does not point to a specific network card, but to a link layer broadcast address.


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