Definition and function of computer network
Source: Shangpin China |
Type: website encyclopedia |
Time: 2015-06-18
Computer network definition The emergence of computer network has epoch-making significance in the history of modern science and technology. What is computer network? Popular definition of computer network: refers to a system that uses communication equipment and communication media to interconnect multiple computer systems with different geographical locations and independent functions, and conducts data communication according to certain communication protocols to achieve resource sharing and information exchange. Decompose the definition of computer network, that is, a complete computer network should include four parts: computer system, network equipment, communication media and communication protocol. Computer system: consists of computer hardware system and software system, such as PC, workstation and server. Network equipment: equipment with basic functions such as data forwarding, such as repeater, hub, switch, etc. Communication medium: communication line. Like axis cable, twisted pair, optical fiber, etc. Communication protocol: the rules that must be followed for communication between computers. Such as Ethernet protocol, token ring protocol, etc. When a computer network is so small that there are only two computers and one connection, this network can be considered as the simplest computer network because it does not have the data forwarding link of the intermediate network equipment, nor does it have complex problems such as data exchange. A huge Beijing Website Design Computer networks, like today's Internet, are made up of tens of thousands of computer networks interconnected by tens of thousands of network devices The Internet can be called the "Internet", which should be the largest computer network in the world. Computer network function The purpose of constructing computer network is to realize resource sharing and information exchange. There are many network applications derived from this, such as information query, file transmission, mail transmission, e-commerce, etc., but the main and basic functions of computer network can be summarized as follows. 1. Resource sharing Resource sharing is one of the basic functions of building a computer network. The resources that can be shared include software resources, hardware resources and data resources, such as computer processing capacity, large capacity disks, high-speed printers, large plotters, and special professional tools, special software, database data, documents, etc. on the computer. Not all users can own these resources independently, so sharing these resources on the network for network users to use conditionally can not only provide convenient application services, but also save huge equipment investment, which is the original intention of building a computer network. 2. Data communication Data communication is another basic function of computer network. It aims to realize the data transmission between any two computers in the network, such as receiving and sending e-mail, reading and publishing news, online shopping, e-commerce, distance education and other network communication activities. 3. Boxi Management Computer applications have developed step by step from numerical calculation to data processing, from stand-alone data management to network information management. Today, information management applications of computer networks have been very extensive. For example, Management Information System (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS), Office Automation (OA) and other applications have been developed under the support of computer networks. It can not only enable network users to quickly query and obtain the information resources they need, but also collect and summarize all kinds of valuable information through the network and manage them scientifically, greatly improving the efficiency of information management, while bringing huge economic benefits to society. 4. Distributed processing With the problems that rely on computers to deal with becoming more and more complex and the amount of data being processed becoming larger and larger, a new type of computer application technology has emerged when a single computer system is not competent, that is, to use computer networks for distributed processing. Distributed processing is a complex project in which multiple computers located in different geographical locations by multiple units or departments are connected through the network to jointly complete large-scale data computing or data processing problems. Distributed processing not only solves the complex problem that single machine is not competent for, but also enhances the processing ability of computer system and the reliability of application system. For example, there are many domain name servers (DNS) on the Internet that provide domain name resolution. All domain name servers connect through the network to form a large domain name system (DNS). Each domain name server is responsible for the domain name resolution task of its own domain. This way that many domain name servers on the network work together to complete a domain name resolution task is a typical distributed processing. 5. Supplier's computer system reliability It is possible for a component in a computer system to fail or for the system to encounter various unknown interruptions during operation. Once the problem occurs, the application system can only be interrupted or shut down in a single machine; In the computer network, if a computer fails, it can be replaced immediately by a backup machine. This application system that provides services through the computer network not only effectively avoids the failure of a single component or a system from affecting the user's use, but also greatly improves the reliability of the application system and ensures the normal operation of the application system to the maximum extent.
Source Statement: This article is original or edited by Shangpin China's editors. If it needs to be reproduced, please indicate that it is from Shangpin China. The above contents (including pictures and words) are from the Internet. If there is any infringement, please contact us in time (010-60259772).
