Overview of Network Political Participation Abroad
Source: Shangpin China |
Type: website encyclopedia |
Time: October 24, 2014
Due to the development of society and the progress of human beings, the Internet has made great changes in people's lives, such as online shopping, online finance, online securities, Website design Wait, spread information to people. The network was first widely used in western developed countries, and was also the first to be used in the political field. Therefore, the development of foreign network political participation also precedes that of developing countries. The development of foreign network political participation has a specific historical background and era characteristics. It is breaking through the traditional mode of political participation and becoming a new form of political participation in the network era. The development of network political participation in western developed countries has its specific background, which is linked with government informatization, and its purpose is to solve the increasingly prominent social crisis. Some developed countries in Europe and the United States are the first countries to start and develop government informatization, and also the countries with rapid development of network political participation. In a sense, these developed countries also lead the trend of government informatization in the world. The development of foreign government informatization has its specific background, which can be summarized as follows.
First, the development background of foreign government informatization is that the government has experienced a serious crisis of trust in the management process. After World War II, with the development of social economy in western countries, people have higher and higher demands on the government. People hope that the government can provide more high-quality public services, and also require that the government institutions should be lean and the staff should be streamlined. However, the government is often unable to meet the demands of the public. To provide more services, it can only increase the number of institutions, personnel and budget, which creates a sense of distrust between the public and the government. So a US government official said at that time, we are now facing not only a huge fiscal deficit, but also a huge trust deficit. Promoting government reform and government informatization, to a large extent, is to improve the contradictions and trust crisis between the government and the public.
Second, there was a serious financial crisis in the process of government management. After World War II, most western countries have moved towards the path of welfare oriented countries, and the government has assumed too many responsibilities, such as pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, etc. More and more insurance has been provided to social members, and more and more welfare has been assumed. However, welfare is rigid. Once it is formed, it can only be maintained or increased, and it is difficult to stop or cancel. However, the economic development is cyclical. When the economy is depressed, welfare cannot be reduced, and the government can only increase the budget and increase the fiscal deficit. Therefore, the government is forced to bear the burden of fiscal deficit, resulting in a financial crisis.
Third, after the 1970s, there was a trend of economic integration, which also put forward high requirements for the government. With the continuous advancement of economic integration, governments of all countries want to carry out reforms to increase their competitiveness in the international community. How to deal with the development trend of economic integration has become an urgent task for governments of all countries.
Fourth, the bureaucratic form of government exposes many problems. The government with official image system has had a management crisis, which is inefficient, has a serious sense of self service, and is indifferent to the sufferings of the people, leading to the dissatisfaction of the people. The public requires the government to improve the management efficiency of public affairs and better serve the society, forcing the government to reform the management system and management mechanism.
Fifth, the rapid development of information technology makes it possible to build an information-based government and realize government informatization. The rapid development of information technology provides a technical support and condition for government informatization. While information technology has brought great impetus to human society, it has also injected powerful impetus into government informatization. Without the rapid development of information technology, there will be no basis for the development of government informatization, and of course there will be no so-called development of network political participation.
Promoting government informatization, developing e-government and e-democracy, in a sense, is related to the competitiveness of the government. The level of government competitiveness, to a certain extent, is related to the competitiveness of this country in the international community. In order to overcome the widespread social crisis, western countries, especially developed countries, have carried out government reforms. Their common practice is to reduce institutions, personnel and financial expenditure on a large scale. Take the United States as an example. From 1993 to 1997, the Clinton administration cut 280000 jobs in the central and local governments. Clinton believed that only by reducing too many government agencies and personnel can we reduce government spending and budget; Only by reducing the budget and fiscal expenditure can we reduce taxes on the people; Only by reducing taxes on the people can the government win their support. In such a concept, he cut down the organization and personnel with great vigour. Such government reform cannot be achieved simply by cutting staff and budget, but must be supported by new technologies and new ideas. Therefore, Western countries have more emphasis on the information services provided by the government to the society, enterprises and social members in exchange for the support of the people to the government. Promoting government reform requires not only the understanding and support of the people, but also the broad participation of the people. Promoting government informatization, promoting government reform, developing e-government and e-democracy objectively alleviated the social crisis and became the need to solve the social crisis.
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