The construction of digital campus is the concrete embodiment of the degree of educational informatization, and is also one of the three major themes of educational informatization in China. The concept of digital campus appeared at the beginning of this century and has been recognized by scholars and researchers. In order to effectively promote information exchange and share the achievements of informatization construction, the vast majority of higher vocational colleges have followed the pace of the information age and established portal websites relying on the Internet. At present, the construction of campus network website group has become the main mode of portal website construction. However, in the construction of website groups, the understanding of website groups and how to create and manage website groups are topics worthy of our careful study.
Website group refers to a collection of websites that are based on a unified technical framework through unified standards, norms and planning and organized according to certain affiliations. It can be managed in a unified way or managed independently and submitted based on specific permissions. Since 2001, it has stepped on the stage of e-government and become a major part of e-government. Using this advanced construction and management model for reference in higher vocational colleges will greatly promote the rapid development of higher vocational education.
The website group of higher vocational colleges is divided into main website group and secondary website group. The main website group is mainly the overall website of the college. The main website can serve as the website entrance, publicize the college as a whole, publish announcements in the name of the college to provide other services, and provide the secondary website group directory of the school. The secondary website group mainly includes the website of the department, the website of the functional department and the website of professional courses. The role of the secondary website is to publicize the department and the functional department, publish announcements or provide other services in the name of the department and the functional department. The school website group is provided with cyberspace, technical guidance and server management by the network management department. In principle, each secondary website is constructed separately by each functional department and department relying on the school campus network.
At present, the fourth generation website group commonly used by people uses website group content management systems, such as Quicksword CMS, WEBPLUS, etc., to implement unified planning, unified implementation or step-by-step implementation. This solves the problem that the information of the third generation website group cannot be fully shared and managed uniformly. The fourth generation website group content management platform has the advantages of unified management, centralized data storage, intelligence, easy maintenance, low cost, etc., which shows the following characteristics.
1) The main website and the secondary website are relatively independent, with their own home page, information system, managers and users, but each website has a superior subordinate relationship. The information in the whole website system is well understood and the management is clear.
2) The information published by any site is stored in a unified server.
3) The system administrator can log in to the system management site to create other sub sites at all levels, and conduct global management of users, residences, authorization, etc. for these sites.
4) The sub site administrator can enter the management console of the site to create a website.
5) Unique entrance: Each site has its own and unified entrance address.
6) The superior site can own and manage the organization personnel, column structure and article information of its own organization and the subordinate site. The superior site can directly grab information from the subordinate site, and the subordinate site can focus on recommending information to the superior.
2. The Significance of Constructing Campus Network Website Group
2.1. Solved a series of problems caused by "a group of websites"
In the past, the construction of "a group of websites" in the campus network of higher vocational colleges has shown two modes: one is to put the machine running each website in a computer room, and the other is to put multiple websites in a server to run. Each secondary website of higher vocational colleges has its own characteristics, and there is no connection between art design, management, data sharing, etc. The home page of the school campus network is simply a link to each website, lacking systematic organization and management. The database of each website is independent, and there is no unified data standard between them, let alone the call and sharing of information. For example, a department of a vocational college has released an important piece of information on its secondary website. If the home page of the campus network needs to reprint the news, it can only be edited and published again. After logging in to the website of the educational administration system, if you want to log in to the website of the Employment Office again, you have to re-enter a user name and password of the Employment Network. This collection method of manual submission of information lacks the timeliness and accuracy of information release. According to the logic of one website and one database, multiple databases need multiple storage spaces, which leads to data redundancy. Each website requires professional technicians at different times, not only the ordinary staff of design, operation and maintenance are incompetent, but also the technicians are required to complete the information release. After the relevant technicians leave, the system maintenance is difficult, and the website will make a comeback. It not only increases the operation and maintenance cost of the website, but also goes against the sustainable development of university websites.
The website group is planned in a unified way from design to operation. It is built on a software platform to achieve centralized management and distributed maintenance. It has a strict hierarchical authority management mechanism to ensure information sharing and security, and completely avoids the drawbacks of "a group of websites".
2.2 Unified platform, high safety factor
Most of the previous websites used Windows Serverw as the server system, developed using Asp and other technologies, and most of the websites were free programs downloaded or modified from the internal stations. The websites had injection vulnerabilities. All sites of website group technology are developed with the same software and run in the same environment. The server is no longer managed separately by technicians who do not understand each department, but managed and maintained by professional technicians of the school's network management department. In addition, all sites use the same management platform and log in by means of secondary verification to ensure the security of data and information.
2.3 More safe and convenient management
The website group can be managed at two levels: super administrator (i.e. system administrator) and secondary website administrator. The super administrator has all the operation permissions of the website group, and can uniformly allocate and manage the operation permissions of the sub site administrator; The secondary website administrator is mainly responsible for the design and maintenance of the department's website. The school can arrange the website management professionals of the network management department to serve as super administrators. The specialized management personnel are skilled and professional, which is convenient for the management of the website and related technical operations, and is more conducive to maintaining and ensuring the safety of the website data information. At the same time, each functional department and department can arrange their own professional staff to maintain and release information, and can also freely design and manage the style and format of this website, which meets the requirements of the school website for rich and colorful content.
3. Establishment of campus network website group
Generally speaking, the campus network website group construction adopts B/S (Browser/Sever) structure, and its server side adopts a three-tier architecture, namely the presentation layer, application layer and data layer. The presentation layer provides the release of secondary website services, including department websites, functional department websites, teaching websites and course websites. The application layer realizes the site and site resource management, user and user rights management, information collection and release management of the website group. The data layer provides online transaction processing to realize the unified storage and access of data.
3.1 Design of presentation layer
When designing a website group, multiple sets of templates with the same style and rich content colors can be designed for each department to choose according to their own needs and characteristics. It also provides download and upload interfaces for each department so that each user department can make local modifications according to its own needs. Each department can download and adjust the original template to add personalized design, which not only solves the contradiction of uncoordinated style of school websites, but also can build suitable websites in a short time.
3.2 Design of data layer
Unlike the government website group, the school website group has the problem of long-distance cross region. Therefore, the data background is better planned.
Because it is relatively centralized, the school campus network can share a data center server to store basic data and website group data. The use of a unified data structure can effectively solve the problems of different data structures caused by the decentralized construction of sub website groups, and poor information transmission between websites. Generally speaking, the data layer needs to realize the integration of three kinds of data. That is, ① realize the whole network data integration for the unified standard website group through the information collector; ② Realize information integration among sub website groups through information collector; ③ The EAI data integration platform provides a unified data integration interface to third-party application systems.
3.3 User and user authority management
Some application systems are integrated on the portal of many sub websites, such as salary query of the website of the Finance Department, student achievement query of the Academic Affairs Department, and student status query of the Admissions Department. Because traditional application systems are built separately and lack of unified authentication mechanism, it is bound to cause the problem of single user with multiple accounts. A good solution to this problem is single sign on. Single sign on means that once a user logs in to a system and obtains a user certificate, he or she can use this certificate to log in to other related systems without having to re-enter the user name and password for identity authentication. To achieve single sign on, it is necessary to build a large and comprehensive identity database to contain all relevant identity information. A central authentication server is established to centrally manage the login name, password and other identity authentication related information of all users, and provide identity authentication services for all users who want to log in to the application system. The information of the client user is marked with cookies. When the logged in user logs in to other systems, he or she can decide whether to authenticate with the central server by checking the status information of the user saved in the cookie, so that one point login and multi-point access can be achieved.
3.4 Information collection and release management
Information resources mainly refer to the information related to the department and the field, including text, pictures, videos, etc. The process of information being collected and entered into the website is called collection. Information collection can use the existing internet article editor. The school shall grant the authority of information collection and maintenance to the information staff of each corresponding department. When a piece of information is collected and entered into the information resource database, the information maintenance personnel shall designate the column affiliation relationship for it and put it into the column designated by the website administrator.
After the information is edited, you can choose to save or directly publish the information. When the user saves, the data will only be sent back to the data center for saving. If the information clerk chooses to publish, the information will not only be saved to the database, but will also trigger a call event from the database to display it on the presentation layer, that is, the portal.
4. Management of Campus Network Website Group
4.1 Organizational division
In order to strengthen the construction and management of the website group, the school should set up a management department to be responsible for the planning of the website group, supervise and inspect the operation of the website group, guide the construction of the website group and the specific organization and implementation of the website group, and each unit should clarify the competent department and personnel for the construction of the website group and their responsibilities.
4.2 System maintenance
Each administrative department and department shall assign a person in charge as the secondary administrator of the website group, who shall be responsible for supervising the construction of the website, customizing the columns, * ^ * finalizing the template and style, and updating and modifying the post columns and home page modules.
4.3 Information release
As a website, the release and update of information must be timely, otherwise the website will be a backwater. The department and department to which each subsite belongs should set up a special information administrator to complete the collection, release and update of information.
4.4 Timely evaluation
The website group updates the statistics of the release of each unit online in real time, and lists the statistical results into the annual target assessment. Website group construction is the model of university website construction in recent ten years. The application platform, technical system and data structure of Fangyi will effectively integrate the university information resources and realize sharing, improve the university management level, improve the management efficiency, and more systematically display the overall image of the entire university.
