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Computer network definition

Source: Shangpin China | Type: website encyclopedia | Date: August 24, 2012
Beijing website construction Company Shangpin China: There is no unified standard for the definition of computer network, and there are several different definitions of computer network according to the different stages or priorities of computer network development. In the early days, people connected decentralized computers, terminals and their peripherals with communication media to realize mutual communication, which was called a network system. In 1970, at the Spring Computer Union Conference held by the American Information Processing Association, computer networks were defined as "a collection of computer systems that are interconnected in a way that can share resources (hardware, software, data, etc.) and have independent functions", The main difference between the two descriptions above is that the computers at each node of the latter must have independent functions, and resources (files, data, printers, etc.) must be shared.

With the development of distributed processing technology and from the perspective of user use, the concept of computer network has also changed. It is defined as an operating system that must be able to automatically manage all kinds of resources for users. It schedules the requests of network users, making the entire network resources transparent to users.

To sum up, the so-called computer network refers to a collection of computer systems that use communication lines and communication equipment to connect computer systems with independent functions scattered in different locations, communicate data according to network protocols, and share resources by network software. Here, "interconnection" means that two or more computers connected to each other can exchange information with each other to achieve the purpose of resource sharing. "Independent function" means that the work of each computer is independent, and no computer can interfere with the work of other computers, such as starting and stopping. There is no master-slave relationship between any two computers.

The definition of computer network involves the following four points:

(1) The computer network contains more than two computers with different geographical locations and "autonomous" functions. "Autonomy" means that these computers can work independently without relying on the network. Normally. will have A computer with the Autonomic feature is called a Host. In the network, a node is also called a node. The nodes in the network are not only computers, but also other communication devices, such as Hubs, routers, etc.

(2) The connection between nodes in the network needs a channel, that is, the physical interconnection is realized by the transmission medium. This physical channel can be a "wired" transmission medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable or optical fiber, or a "non wired" transmission medium such as laser, microwave or satellite.

(3) In order to communicate or exchange information between nodes in the network, there must be some conventions and rules. The collection of these conventions and rules is the protocol, whose function is to realize the logical interconnection of nodes. For example, the communication protocol used on the Internet is TCP/IP protocol.

(4) The purpose of computer network is to realize data communication and network resources (including hardware resources and software resources) sharing. To achieve this goal, the network needs to be equipped with fully functional network software, including network communication protocols (such as TCP/IP, IPX/SPX) and network operating systems (such as NetWare, Windows 2000 Server, Linux).

Computer network is the combination of computer technology and communication technology, which is mainly reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, communication technology provides necessary means for data transmission and exchange between computers; On the other hand, the development of computer technology has penetrated into communication technology, improving the performance of communication networks.
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1. Part of the content of this site comes from the network, and the copyright of some articles and pictures involved belongs to the original author. The reprint of this site is for everyone to learn and exchange, and should not be used for any commercial activities.

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