FORTRAN is the first language widely used for numerical, scientific andBeijing website constructionA high-level language for computing in the engineering field. Generally, a FORTRAN program consists of a main program and several subprograms.The main program and each subprogram are independent program units, called program modules.
Algol language is one of the first programming languages produced in the history of computer development, and it was also a popular era of transistor computers. Because Algol statements are close to ordinary language expressions and more suitable for numerical calculation, Algol is mostly used for scientific calculation.Algol is not widely used, but it is the conceptual basis of many modern programming languages.COBOL is a transaction oriented programming language. In enterprise management, numerical calculation is not complicated, and the focus is data processing.In 1959, some computer users in the United States organized the design of COBOL, a computer language dedicated to business data processing, and in 1961, it was announced by the American Data System Language Association. Through constant modification, enrichment, improvement and standardization, it has developed a variety of versions.COBOL language is mainly used in business data processing, information retrieval and other fieldsPascal language was developed by Professor Voss of the Federal University of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, and was officially published in 1971.In the development of high-level programming language, Pascal language is an important milestone, which is the first systematic embodiment of EW. Help kstra and CA. The language of structured programming concepts defined by R. Hoare.
C language is a general programming language developed in the 1970s. It provides a rich set of operators and a relatively compact statement formatThe main feature of C language is that it takes into account the characteristics of high-level language and assembly language, which is concise, rich and transplantableC language is closely related to UNIX operating system. UNIX operating system and many software on it are written in C languageC language provides efficient execution statements and allows programmers to directly access the operating system and underlying hardware, which makes C language become the main language for writing system software and real-time processing software.
C++10 language was developed in the 1980s on the basis of C language and is compatible with C.Because of the class mechanism, C++is an object-oriented programming language.
Java originally refers to Java Island in Indonesia, which is famous for its coffee production.In the computer field, Java is an object-oriented programming language, which is specially designed for the distributed environment of the Internet.Java retains the basic syntax of C++language and the concepts of class and inheritance, and removes some features of C++that cannot adapt to Internet applications. Compared with C++, Java is simpler, and its syntax and semantics are more suitable for Internet applications.The feature that Java programs are compiled once and run everywhere.It enables Java to provide an open structure available anywhere and a low-cost way to transfer information between multiple platforms.In particular, the enterprise application programming interface of Java language provides relevant technologies and rich class libraries for enterprise computing and e-commerce application systems.
Visual Basic (VB) is an event driven programming language with a development environment. It originates from Basi.Language, with graphical user interface and rapid application development system, programmers can use the components provided by VB to quickly build an application.SQL (Structured Query Language), namely structured query language, was originally developed by IBM's St. Joseph Research Laboratory for its relational database management system System R.According to ANSI, SQL is the standard language for relational database management systemsSQL statements can be used to perform various database operations, such as updating data in the database, querying data from the database, and so on.
The various programming languages mentioned above are generally used by professional software developers to develop various system software or application software.Other languages have been widely used with the birth and development of the Internet, but they are very different from traditional programming languages, such as HTML, PHP, XML, JavaScript, Perl, etc.
(1) HTML
HTML (Hypertext Mark up Language) is a hypertext markup language, which is widely used on the Internet at present, and is also the main language that constitutes web documents.HTML is used to describe how web pages are displayed, including specifying the location, size and color of text, the location of graphic information, and the combination of sound and video.
HTML is composed of many HTML tags. This hypertext document (called HTML document) can be written with the simplest Notepad tool.HTML has always been used as the information representation language on the Internet. It is a language that can be recognized by browsers. Documents written in this language usually have html or htm as the extensionAn HTML document is a descriptive text composed of HTML commands, which can describe text, graphics, animation, sounds, tables, links, etc.The structure of an HTML document consists of a head and a body. The head describes the information required by the browser, while the body contains the specific content to be described. The following program 1 is a simple HTML text.
[Procedure 1] < /head>
user name: Password: 《br>
Enter the above program in the text editor, and save it as a text file with the extension of html. Then open it with a browser, and you can see the page shown in Figure 7-2.
(2) XML
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is an extensible markup language derived from SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language).SGML is the standardized name of GML (General Markup Language) developed by IBM since the 1960s.XML was created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to overcome the limitations of HTML.
In general, XML is a simple data storage language, which uses a series of simple tags to describe data. For example, Table 7-3 is an XML file, which can be entered in a text editor and saved as a text file with an extension of xml.
The XML file only describes the name, author and price information of the two books, but it does nothing else.XML and Access, OracleDatabase management systems (DBMS) such as SQL Server are different. DBMS provides more powerful data storage and analysis capabilities, such as data indexing, sorting, searching, correlation consistency, etc., while XML merely displays data.
XML is also different from HTML.XML tags are defined by users themselves, while HTML tags are predefined.XML is not used to replace HTML. They have different purposes.XML is mainly used to describe and store data, focusing on what data is and how to store data, while HTML is used to format and display data, focusing on the display mode of data.
XML has many functions.For example, using XML can separate data from HTML documents and save them separately;Through XML, data can be exchanged between incompatible systems;XML can be used to exchange financial information in the network;wait.
At present, XML is mainly used in content management, e-mail receiving, sending and management, intelligent calendar, personalized information service and e-commerce.
(3) PHP
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a script language that is executed on the server side and embedded with HTML documents. The style of the language is somewhat similar to C language and is widely used by many website programmers.
(4) JavaScript
JavaScript, developed from Netscape's LiveScript, is an object-oriented script description language embedded in HTML documents.JavaScript is different from Java in nature. Its name is the result of an agreement between Yin etscape and Sun for marketing reasons.
All kinds of programming languages are constantly developing.At present, the programming languages and programming environments used for software development are developing towards object-oriented and visual programming environments. At the same time, many new languages and development tools have emerged, such as scripting languages, which are like cat's mixture, connecting various existing components to complete related tasks.
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