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Research on enterprise network organization

Source: Shangpin China | Type: website encyclopedia | Time: 2015-06-19
Since the late 1980s, more and more strategic management scholars have attached importance to the network embedded in the enterprise and its relationship network Network production It has a significant impact on the strategy and performance of the enterprise Jarillo (1988) first formally proposed the concept of strategic network. He distinguished complex economic activities according to organizational forms and competitive relationships, thus distinguishing market organizations, hierarchical organizations, family organizations and strategic networks. He believed that strategic networks were long-term, purposeful organizational arrangements to enable enterprises to gain long-term competitive advantages. He defined strategic network as a long-term and purposeful organizational arrangement between unique but interconnected profit seeking organizations, so that organizations within the network can gain or maintain competitive advantage, It is believed that network organization is a complex social and economic organizational form that transcends the traditional dichotomy between market and enterprise, and that this complex organizational form is a dynamic and evolving historical process depending on a certain path. This understanding reveals the essence of network organization, that is, an organizational form, which is accepted by many scholars at home and abroad. Based on the definition of enterprise network, these documents focus on demonstrating the formation process of network and recognizing its great role in economic operation. Domestic scholars mostly study network organizations in combination with the specific conditions of China's economy.

Jia Genliang (1998) and Li Xinchun (1998) are scholars who introduced the concept of network organization to China earlier. Jia Genliang believes that network organization is an important part of economic network, and economic network is a hidden form of the concept of computer network Yu regards economic activities as a network of connections made up of capital elements formed by long-term investment between various economic actors. Li Xinchun made reference to the formation of enterprise networks and the development of markets in China's transition from a planned economy to a market economy. He believes that network organizations are cooperative links between organizations, The essence of this connection is the division of labor and trade between enterprises, which is an organizational behavior rather than an individual behavior. The concept of enterprise division of labor and trade in network organizations was proposed, which is one of the fundamental reasons for the formation of network organizations. Since then, Li Wei'an (1998), Lin Runhui and Li Wei'an (2000) have pointed out that network organization is an organic organizational system composed of network connections of active nodes, and information flow drives the operation of network organization by studying network composition, information flow and innovation. Network organization protocol ensures the normal operation of network organization, and network organization adapts to the external environment through restructuring, Realize the n-standard of network organization through the cooperation and innovation of network organization members; It clearly pointed out that one of the four constituent elements of network organization is network node, and at the same time, information, network connection mode and innovation are the key to the effective operation of network organization. In addition, Lin Jian, Li Huanrong (2002), Sun Guoqiang (2001, 2002), Ma Shuishui (1999), Bing Hongcheng (2001) and others have been recruited from the perspective of the connotation, characteristics, formation and operation mechanism of network organization, This paper focuses on the study of the basic theoretical structure of the network from the perspective of management, combined with the specific situation of China.
 
Research on enterprise network organization

1、 Research on Network Organization from the Perspective of Economics
 
In the 1980s, economists used network analysis methods for reference and applied them to research in the economic field, and gradually formed the enterprise network theory. Since the 1990s, the enterprise network theory has not only been used by economists to study entrepreneurial behavior and SMEs, but also penetrated into market theory and industry (2) Economic Research on Enterprise Network Organization Based on Competition Driven by new technology and economies of scale, under the new environment of globalization, enterprise organization structure has also broken through the traditional boundaries with the expansion of the scope of division of labor and cooperation, which further profoundly affects the market structure. The competition among enterprises has gradually expanded to the competition between regions and enterprise alliances. Guan Yin, a professor of Harvard Business School, first put forward the theory of competitive strategy in 1980, whose theoretical system is based on the analysis of industrial competition. He believes that the state of competition within an industry depends on five basic competitive forces: the threat of entry, the threat of substitution, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers and the competition of existing competitors. Porter introduced the "value chain" As a basic tool for analysis, it is believed that the competitive advantage of enterprises comes from many separated activities in the process of design, production, marketing, delivery and auxiliary processes. After that, with the development of supply chain theory, the value chain extends to the entire industrial structure Kogut (1985) also put forward the concept of value chain and defined it as the whole process of combining technology, raw materials and labor input to combine, sell and distribute processed inputs. A single enterprise may only be one link in this process, or it may include several or all links in the whole process. He believes that the setting form of international business strategy is actually the result of the interaction between countries' comparative advantages and enterprises' competitiveness. Compared with Porter's value chain view on the competitive advantage of a single enterprise, Kogut's view can better reflect the relationship between the vertical separation of the value chain and 1% of the global spatial allocation.
 
2、 Research field of organization theory
   
The economic research on enterprise network organization based on transaction costs Although the network organization theory has achieved great success in the research of management science, it has not made obvious achievements in the economics of the drought period, especially in the theory of industrial organization. Gu Liying (2005) believes that there are two reasons: first, in the early theory of industrial organization, the enterprise is just a system of investment and output, The heterogeneity of enterprises was ignored, and it was not until the introduction of enterprise theory that it began to be concerned. Second, under the promotion of informatization, globalization and knowledge, the network organization between enterprises has developed rapidly, and the development of practice has left theory far behind. In addition to the above two reasons, network research in the drought period is more qualitative in terms of network formation, operation and governance, Proper potting was not carried out. This situation has been changed in the development process of contract theory, game theory, the application of explosives and the theory of biological evolution. The development of these disciplines or branches of disciplines has provided theoretical basis and methods for quantitative network research. In his 1939 article "The Nature of the Firm", Coase proposed that the pure market and bureaucratic enterprises, in the subsequent "reduced production system" The idea of network organization has sprouted in the "structure", and it is recognized that there are other organizational forms between the market and bureaucratic institutional arrangements. This view finds an economic fulcrum for the existence of network organizations. That is, network organizations may be another form between the market and bureaucratic enterprises, At that time, it did not become a parallel organizational form with the market and enterprises, which was related to the degree of economic and social development.
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