Internet Basics
Source: Shangpin China |
Type: website encyclopedia |
Time: 2015-06-19
Chinese Internet name Internet The Internet is a public computer information network system with the fastest development speed, the most widely used and the largest scale in the world. It provides tens of thousands of services and is called the embryonic form of the future information highway by the computer information industry around the world. What is the Internet? To put it simply, the Internet consists of various network systems and host systems all over the world. It is a worldwide computer network system connected together through the unified protocol TCP/IP. The Internet is the largest Internet in the world, but it is not a physical network in itself. Calling it a network is a "planning" concept that network experts add to it to make it easy for everyone to understand. In fact, it connects various existing networks around the world, such as LAN, data communication network and Gongchuan telephone switching network, to form a huge Internet across national boundaries, so it is also called "network of networks".
The Origin and Development of Internet The emergence of the Internet is the same as the advent of computers. It was originally used for military purposes. Since the end of the Second World War, the world has gradually formed a "cold war" pattern with the Soviet Union and the United States as the two superpowers, the East and the West facing each other. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the US Department of Defense has recruited a number of scientific and technological elites. In October 1962, the plan to develop large-scale networks began. This network is named ARPANET In December 1969, this pilot network was initially completed. At that time, only four node hosts from the University of California, Los Angeles, Stanford Research Institute, the University of California Berkeley, and the University of Utah were interconnected. By 1977, it had grown to hundreds of nodes and had become a practical network. The network adopts distributed control technology and packet switching technology. It is equipped with a communication control processor. Its early communication protocol is NCP, which developed into TCP/IP protocol in 1990. In 1983, the U.S. military determined TCP/IP protocol as the network protocol standard. This protocol has become the network protocol standard of Internet/Intranet along the Sichuan River. ARPANET has supported resource sharing since the beginning. In addition to using F military ri, it also serves the computer scientific research of several universities participating in the network construction. Since 1983, in order to ensure the security of military secrets, ARPANET has split into two networks: public AJ ARPANET and pure military N1 MILNF: F, which can also communicate and share data. The Internet formed by these two networks is called DARPA Internet, and later referred to as Internet. This is the origin of Internet. At the same time as ARPANEF, some special-purpose networks or network services have also been born. In 1979, USENET was developed by two students of Duke University. In fact, it is not the usual network. It is a special discussion group of Network L. At that time, there were only two sites, Duke University and North Carolina State University. Now USENET has developed into a global network news service, which is used to release announcements, news, articles and discuss topics. In 1981, RITNF "r (Because It's Time NETwork. The intermediary of NSF (National Science Foundation) is Intent. A major earthquake in the history of development. In 1981, NSF provided start-up funds to build the "NET", which provides services for scientists who will learn from ARPANET without shirts. In 1985, NSF started the NSFNET program, which is a network connecting the super computing centers of Princeton, Pittsburgh, Cornell and other universities. After a year of efforts, the network was officially completed in 1986. Later, more and more hosts and networks were connected, and NSFNET was also upgraded with the food, and gradually developed into a book and network of the Internet. With the continuous increase of Internet connected machines and users, t '- 1-net felt more and more unable to cope with the 7t burden. To expand its capacity, Dae funds were needed, and the Lian Kuang government felt that it was powerless. In the development process of NSFNF: r, NSF IF asked for private enterprises. In 1987, NSF nj IBM and MCI Al Merit signed the contract; Ftprotocol to jointly manage NSFNFT. After it, film -% Icl and Merit formed a non-profit public. r7 ANS0 In 1992, ANS built a new main network ANSNET. Later, NSINET of NASA, ESNFT of the Department of Energy in the United States, and Sprint Link of Sprint also joined in succession. Together with NSF'NE'F, they have become the four major supporting platforms for Internet backbone networks in relevant countries, and communicate with iE in Europe, Asia and around the world through four large switches. The launch of WWW is another epoch-making event in the history of Internet development. In March 1989, Tim Berner S Lec, a British computer scientist working at the European Particle Physics Laboratory (CFRN) in Geneva, put forward a proposal to establish an information network Web composed of hypertext links in CFRN, so that high-energy physicists scattered around the world can easily communicate through the Internet and better share equipment and information resources. In 1990, IIfl, NeXT Public Hri (founded by Steve Jabs, one of the founders of Apple Public i+l, and now merged with Appi. Enterprise) released T's original Weild Wide Web (later referred to as WWW or W3) model bar. In 1991, CERN officially released the WWW protocol standard to the outside world. On the basis of the www standard, a new and more complex hypertext markup language (HTMI) draft was proposed by a cooperative organization composed of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CERN and the National Institute of Computer and Control of France 14. After evaluation and screening, IrrML standard version 1.0 was released and later upgraded to HIM version 1, 2.0 and 3.0. Under the support of www and H'r.N L standards, various texts, graphics, images Voice form (rural V. body information can be directly it through a unified friendly interface. Now users can come forward, and at the same time, it can realize the free link of various information resources, and integrate various information service methods and information retrieval services, which greatly facilitates users' information query, retrieval and browsing on the Internet. The emergence of a new Sichuan user interface browser, which is developed using the www and HTMI standards, has enabled Imemel to go out of the high-tech real room and open up to all walks of life and millions of households. From then on, users do not need to master advanced computer expertise. As long as they can operate Kuimoto's mouse and keyboard, they can "surf" and roam in the sea of information at will. In 1990, the first Web client program (browsing editor) written by Tim Remers Lee, the inventor of WWW, ran under NeXT Step and was able to access hypertext and newsgroups. In 1993, Mosaic, a graphic browser developed by NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) at the University of Illinois, came out, It makes the application of WWW convenient and intuitive. In November 1994, Netscape Navigator developed by Netscape Communicator, which is composed of some designers of Mosaic, came out. It has made many improvements on the basis of Mosaic. Its graphical interface is more convenient, intuitive and easy to use, It soon became popular throughout the Internet. Seeing this momentum of development, Microsoft, which originally focused on the Windows operating system, launched its own browser, Internet Explorer, to compete with Netscape in November 1995, one year later. From then on, it opened the prelude to an unprecedented fierce commercial competition in the history of the Internet The emergence of WWW has brought the Internet into a period of rapid development.
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