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The Development of Network in China

Source: Shangpin China | Type: website encyclopedia | Time: November 3, 2014
With the advent of the Internet, some things related to the network have come into being, such as: Website Design , online shopping, online securities, etc. Although the rise and development of the Internet has a history of nearly 40 years in the world, due to many factors in China, the Internet appears very young, but the speed of development is extremely fast. On September 20, 1987, Professor Qian Tianbai sent out China's first e-mail, "Crossing the Great Wall, Leading to the World", which opened the prelude to the use of the Internet by Chinese people. The CANET (Chinese Academic Network) international networking project in the charge of Professor Qian Tianbai is a scientific research project implemented by the Beijing Institute of Computer Applications in 1986. Its partner is the former Karilsruhe University in West Germany. The e-mail sent by Professor Qian Tianbai officially realized the function of storing and forwarding the e-mail. The line is through the PAD machine on the Beijing side of the Italian public packet network ITAPAC, and through the Italian ITAPAC and the German DATEXP packet network, to realize the connection with the University of Karlsruhe in Germany. The communication rate was initially 300bps.
 
Network development

In December 1988, the campus network of Tsinghua University adopted the e-mail software package of X400 protocol introduced by Professor Hu Daoyuan from the University of British Columbia, Canada, and connected with the URC University of Canada through the X.25 network to open the e-mail application. In 1988, the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences adopted the X.25 protocol to make the DECnet of the unit an extension of the DECnet of the Western European center, realizing the international remote networking of computers and e-mail communication with Europe and North America.

In May 1989, the China Research Network (CRN) was interconnected with the German Research Network (DFN) through the X.25 Experimental Network (CNPAC) of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications at that time. The members of CRN include: No. Qiao Research Institute and Electronic Science Research Institute of Ministry of Electronics in Beijing, No. 30 Research Institute of Ministry of Electronics in Chengdu, No. 54 Research Institute of Ministry of Electronics in Shijiazhuang, Fudan University and Shanghai Jiaotong University in Shanghai, Southeast University in Nanjing, etc. CRN provides X.400 (MHS) standard e-mail, FFAM standard file transfer, X.500 standard directory service and other functions, and can communicate with the Internet through the gateway of German DFN.

In April 1990, the World Bank Loan Project Zhongguancun Regional Education and Research Demonstration Network (NCFC) project started. The Zhongguancun regional education and scientific research demonstration network, namely NCFC, is a high-tech information infrastructure project of the World Bank loan "Key Discipline Development Project", which is invested and supported by the National Planning Commission, the National Science Commission, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation and the National Education Commission. The project is hosted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and jointly implemented by Peking University and Tsinghua University. At that time, the main goal of the project was to build a high-speed Internet between Peking University, Tsinghua University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and to establish a supercomputing center.

In October 1990, Professor Qian Tianbai, on behalf of China, officially established INTERNIC on behalf of the predecessor of the International Internet Network Information Center (DDN-NI). Instead, the U.S. Department of Defense ARPANET Network Center (DDN-NI) was responsible for the distribution of domain names and IP addresses of the global Internet, And it has opened an international e-mail communication service using the Chinese top-level domain name CN, filling the gap in China's international Internet network. In 1991, the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences used DECNET protocol to connect to the UVEMORE laboratory of Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in the United States in X.25 mode, and opened e-mail applications.

In June 1992, MEf '92 Annual Conference was held in Kobe, Japan. Qian Hualin, a researcher of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, met with the head of the International Networking Department of the National Science Foundation of the United States to discuss China's official connection to the Internet, but was told that because there are many American government agencies on the Internet, China has political obstacles to access the Internet. In 1992, the college network of the NCFC project, namely the network of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASNET, connecting more than 30 research institutes in Zhongguancun area and the department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Sanlihe), the campus network of Tsinghua University (TUNET) and the campus network of Peking University (PUNET), were all completed.

On March 2, 1993, the 64K special line to Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) was officially opened, which was established by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences by renting the international satellite channel of AM Company. After the special line was opened, the US government only allowed the special line to enter the US energy network instead of connecting to other places on the ground that there were many scientific and technological information and other resources on the Internet and it could not be connected to socialist countries. Nevertheless, this special line is still the first one connecting to the Internet in some parts of China. After the opening of the special line, the NSFC made great efforts to cooperate and invest 300000 yuan, so that the heads of major subjects in various disciplines could dial the special line to connect with the Institute, and hundreds of scientists could use e-mail in China.
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