Information technology plays a vital role in the medical security system
Source: Shangpin China |
Type: website encyclopedia |
Time: June 16, 2014
Information technology is playing an important role in the medical and social medical security system. On the one hand, the proportion of information technology in contemporary medical devices is increasing; On the other hand, all kinds of medical information products have become new important members of the medical device family following the traditional medical electronic instruments and medical materials. Health Information Technology (HIT) has gradually become the main supporting technology of modern medical and health service system, and is also the trend of medical equipment towards digitalization, networking, intelligence Comprehensive Website construction Key technologies. 1. Biomedical information processing, analysis and computer-aided diagnosis and treatment Information processing, analysis and computer-aided diagnosis and treatment information technology can be used to process and analyze specific information for various medical information generation equipment (such as X-ray, CT, ultrasound, endoscope, biochip, monitoring, etc.), so that information can be more clear, direct and efficient to serve the diagnosis and treatment process. Typical product forms include various medical image workstations Physiological signal analysis and diagnosis, treatment/surgery planning and navigation system, medical virtual reality environment, etc. Foreign countries have traditional advantages in the R&D and production of such products. Take the CAT scanner shown in Figure 2-5 as an example. It is a perspective device that enables doctors to see the internal tissues of the body. When the scanner scans the patient, images of bone and tissue structure are displayed on a computer screen CAT scanners are valuable in identifying cancer and other diseases that require early treatment. 2. Medical and health information fusion, management and automation The technology of medical and health information fusion, management and automation realizes the fusion and utilization of various decentralized and heterogeneous information, provides long-term and complete health records required by the integrated and collaborative medical and health system, and the collaborative ability of social medical and health resources. Its core products cover all levels of health information and systems, including personal health records EMR and Electronic health records, etc. In this respect, foreign countries started earlier. Some developed countries and regions, such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, the United States, have already carried out strategic planning at the national level and started large-scale system construction at multiple levels. 1) Electronic medical record Medical records are comprehensive records of medical work, which objectively reflect the whole process of illness, examination, diagnosis, data and archiving, and are the organic integration of all words, data, charts, images and other materials formed by medical personnel in the process of medical activities. Electronic medical records are the collection of patient's medical records into computers through computer technology, and the relevant information of medical records is obtained through computers, They are summarized, analyzed and sorted to form standardized information, so as to improve medical quality and professional level, and provide help for clinical teaching, scientific research and information management. 2) Electronic health records After more than 20 years of development, electronic health records have developed from computer-based medical records based on images to electronic medical records characterized by digitalization. Since the beginning of the 21st century, it has entered a new stage of electronic health records with sharing as the core. Electronic health records are digital records centered on personal health, health care and treatment, and are people-oriented digital health records. Personal health information in electronic health records includes basic information, summaries of major diseases and health problems, and records of major health services. This information mainly comes from medical and health service records, physical examination records and disease investigation records, and is digitally stored and managed. Electronic health records span different organizations and systems, and realize the exchange and sharing of medical information between different information providers and users. Electronic health records have also contributed to improving patient safety, improving medical quality, improving health care, promoting patient rehabilitation and reducing medical costs. 3. Medical health knowledge base and clinical decision support Medical health knowledge base and clinical decision support are a kind of medical information technology products with the most added value and good prospects, which directly affect medical quality and patient safety, and are also the hot spots of medical information technology development in the future for a long time. The medical knowledge base includes the drug knowledge base, clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines for various diseases, evidence-based medicine base, etc. At present, such research and development work is also mainly concentrated abroad, but the overall research and development space is still large. Domestic enterprises have introduced and sorted out the drug knowledge base. Various clinical decision support systems are information engineering A very active branch of knowledge engineering and artificial intelligence research can help medical workers better face massive medical information and increasingly complex medical and health problems, and provide continuous and powerful auxiliary decision support for disease prevention, prediction, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and rehabilitation. 4. Medical information system The medical information system is multi-level, multi-directional (multi-function), and interwoven with each other. The multi-level nature of the medical information system is as follows: the national public health information system, including the monitoring system of epidemic situation and public health emergencies, the emergency command and decision-making system of public health emergencies, and the medical treatment information system; All kinds of regional medical and health information systems, community medical information systems, family and even personal medical and health information systems, hospital information systems, medical research information systems, medical enterprise information systems, medical science and technology information systems, etc. reflect the multi-directional (multi-functional) nature of medical information systems. Hospital information system also includes hospital management information system (HIS), clinical information system (CIS), radiation medical information system (RIS), medical image storage, transmission, management system (PACS), detection information system (LIS), electronic medical record system, etc. The main development trends of modern medical information systems are as follows. 1) Medical Grid Grid technology is an important information technology emerging in the past decade. Its goal is to use open standards based on Internet, Web, digital and high-performance computing technologies, break through the bottleneck of incompatibility between CPUs and operating systems in the current computer field, achieve resource sharing and collaborative work in the network virtual environment, and eliminate information islands and resource islands, Thus, an integrated computing environment and resource environment can be formed. In a heterogeneous and dynamic network environment, various computing resources and storage resources can be integrated together to provide transparent access to distributed resources. Medical grid is composed of various applications, services and middleware that can process medical data. Grid resources include data, computing power, medical experts and their knowledge, and even medical equipment. The huge potential role of grid technology in promoting biomedical research and on-site work has made researchers all over the world show great interest and enthusiasm in research and development of biomedical grid and its application projects. Medical grid is a key technology in the development of medical information system. The National Digital Mammography Archive (NDMA), a computing grid project led by the University of Pennsylvania and participated by IBM, is a large-scale distributed computer system based on open standards. It realizes the allocation of computing resources through the Internet, and authorized medical personnel can access patient records at any time, making use of massive distributed information, With the help of the analysis tools provided by the computational grid, the medical record diagnosis and the definition of the breast cancer prone population were carried out, and the computer-aided diagnosis was realized. The EU's Health Grid project uses the grid's powerful data transmission capability and strict security control to realize the transmission of a variety of medical images and image processing computation, and also has the ability to model human physiological conditions. The BIOPATTERN project, which is participated by 31 organizations including the European Union, uses grid technology to provide doctors with a pan European eHealth platform to conduct remote, distributed and collaborative analysis of residents' biological signs in different databases distributed on the grid, so as to achieve health monitoring and disease diagnosis. British Healthcare@Home The project aims to establish a patient centered health monitoring system based on grid technology. It realizes continuous or push/pull data monitoring for family patients through a dedicated home health monitoring server, and analyzes the monitoring data with the help of grid platform. 2) Wireless Sensor Network Technology Wireless Body Area Network Technology Wireless sensor network is a network that integrates sensor technology, information processing technology and network communication technology. It is composed of a large number of sensor nodes self-organizing through wireless communication technology. The combination of wireless sensor network and biological microsystem technology constitutes a wireless body area network (BAN). Combined with wearable technology, it can monitor the physical and mental status of patients around the clock. This can not only realize continuous and dynamic identification of individual health status, thus greatly improving the efficiency of individual state regulation and individual medical effect, but also provide technical support for comprehensively improving people's physical and mental quality and ability. Obviously, human wireless sensor network technology is one of the key technologies of family health security project and community medical system engineering. Mica series nodes of wireless sensor networks developed by the University of California, Berkeley, USA, strongly promote the application research of wireless sensor networks. Based on Mica series of nodes, Harvard University has developed a variety of sensor nodes suitable for the detection of vital signs. Its Code Blue medical application platform uses wireless sensor networks to achieve mobile medical emergency and patient rehabilitation. The University of Virginia has conducted a lot of research on the medical application of wireless sensor networks, and has established the Alarm Net experimental platform, which is used for long-term continuous monitoring of people who cannot take care of themselves, improving their quality of life. The system adopts an authorized security mechanism, and only authorized users can view monitoring data and medical records. On the basis of Code Blue, Johns Hopkins University in the United States has developed an AID-N network suitable for disaster first aid, which can continuously detect the vital signs of the wounded on site and alarm for abnormal events, and authorized users can share real-time information of the monitored through the Internet. 5. Telemedicine Broadly speaking, telemedicine uses telecommunication technology and computer multimedia technology to provide medical information and services. It includes all medical activities such as remote diagnosis, remote consultation and nursing, remote education, remote hospital information service, etc. In a narrow sense, telemedicine refers to telemedicine, including telemedicine, remote diagnosis and consultation, remote nursing and other medical activities. American futurist Alvin Toffler predicted many years ago: "In the future medical activities, doctors will face computers and diagnose and treat patients according to various information displayed on the screen and transmitted from afar." This situation has now arrived. In 1991, the US military successfully used telemedicine technology in the Gulf War. In 1992, the United States held the seventh military medicine conference, which deeply discussed the problems faced by modern military medicine, especially the role of telemedicine in modern military medicine. In March 1993, during the peacekeeping operation in Somalia, the US military carried out a global telemedicine attempt, initially determining the basic components of the telemedicine system of the front-line forces, including an aerial satellite, a high-resolution digital camera, a portable computer and additional software, and a mobile global satellite receiver, The US military has transmitted 74 medical records and 248 medical images to the rear, most of which are diagnostic, reducing unnecessary casualty evacuation and improving logistics support capabilities. The US military has also successfully implemented telemedicine in military operations such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, and most US military hospitals have participated in telemedicine activities. For example, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, During the three years from February 1993 to February 1996, a total of 240 overseas remote consultations were conducted, covering Somalia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Germany, Haiti, C ô te d'Ivoire, Egypt, Panama, Kuwait, Italy, Kenya, the Virgin Islands, etc. In order to achieve the goal of building an information-based military, the U.S. Department of Defense established the DoD Telemedicine Test Bed in 1994, and launched a variety of telemedicine projects. Its goal is to realize the application of digital technology in medicine and incorporate telemedicine into the military medical service system. Recently, IBM proposed "smart medicine", as shown in Figure 2-6. Its core concept is interconnection, collaboration, prevention, popularization, innovation and reliability.
- Internet: Authorized doctors can check the patient's medical records, medical history, treatment measures and insurance details at any time, and thinkers can also choose to change doctors or hospitals.
- Collaboration: turn the information warehouse into sharable records, integrate and share medical information and records, in order to build a comprehensive professional medical network.
- Prevention: real-time perception, processing and analysis of major medical events to respond quickly and effectively.
- Popularization: support township hospitals and community hospitals to connect seamlessly to the central hospital, so that expert suggestions can be obtained in real time. Arrange referral and training.
- Innovation: improve knowledge and process processing ability, and further promote clinical innovation and research.
- Reliable: enable practitioners to search, analyze and quote a large amount of scientific evidence to support their diagnosis.
The electronic health record system integrates and shares medical records through reliable portal websites, so that various treatment activities can form an integrated perspective without being restricted by the administrative boundaries of the hospital. With the electronic health record system, hospitals can accurately and smoothly transfer patients to other outpatient departments or other hospitals, so that patients can know their own conditions at any time, and doctors can make accurate diagnosis and treatment for patients by referring to their complete medical history. Example Canada, a medical organization, implements the comprehensive sharing and exchange of beneficiary data. In Canada, a non-profit organization funded by the government is promoting electronic health records. Its goal is to establish electronic health records for 50% of Canadians by 2010. Its plan is to build and improve the system structure of electronic health records through 276 electronic health records projects. These actions have proved effective. They have improved nursing services through distributed access, improved hospital internal referral arrangements through accurate, fast and reliable information integration, adopted effective scientific and business oriented rules to analyze patient information and medical records, and can provide massive standardized data to facilitate medical research.
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