After entering the middle of the 20th century, with the progress of science and technology and the further improvement of productivity, commodity production has entered the modern large-scale production, and the economic structure has also undergone major changes. Commodity circulation channels have expanded rapidly, and exchanges have become increasingly troublesome. In particular, scientific and technological progress, the tertiary industry, the Internet Website construction The rapid development of the market economy has ushered in an era of large-scale, multi lane and all-round development. The efficient and rapid development of large-scale commodity production and commodity circulation has posed new challenges to the traditional currency and new requirements for monetary payment tools. There is an urgent need for a new and advanced monetary industry to adapt to the highly developed commodity economy. Electronic currency is a form of currency that adapts to the rapid development of market economy and can reflect the characteristics of modern market economy.
1、 Reasons for the emergence of electronic currency
Evolving. Human beings have gone through different stages of taking physical objects, precious gold cities and paper money as currency. The original form of currency was physical currency, which solved the problem of barter and effectively promoted the development of commodity economy and the progress of human society. But with the development of commodity economy and the improvement of productivity. The shortcomings of physical currency are increasingly revealed, and physical currency is gradually replaced by metal currency. Precious metal currency not only made up for the shortage of physical currency, but also met the needs of commodity exchange at that time. There is no clear difference between nominal weight and actual weight of precious metal coins at the beginning of the site. Subsequently, metal coins with sufficient value and those with insufficient value after government losses also play the role of accumulating energy of money in the market, making people realize that money can be represented by symbols with insufficient value or no value. As metal coins cannot meet the needs of the development of commodity economy, money has entered the stage of substitute money. Substitute currency mainly represents precious metal currency. It plays the role of exchange medium in form, and can freely exchange precious metal currency with issuing units. It is a great revolution in the history of currency development. Credit currency is the product of the further development of substitute currency. It is a currency issued and created through credit procedures with credit as a guarantee.
At present, almost all countries in the world adopt the form of currency (including paper money, fractional currency or bank deposit) as credit currency. However, with the rapid development of network technology and electronic technology, and the continuous improvement of the credit system, electronic currency, a currency substitute that acts as a "payment function" in the process of transaction or consumption, has emerged. The form of currency has changed from tangible to intangible. The exchange of currency forms has proved that money is an inevitable product of the development of commodity economy. Its form has also evolved with the continuous development of commodity economy. From real money to credit money, the two major changes in the history of money development are accompanied by the rapid development of commodity economy and the continuous progress of productivity. Evolving. Human beings have gone through different stages of taking physical objects, precious gold cities and paper money as currency. The original form of currency was physical currency, which solved the problem of barter and effectively promoted the development of commodity economy and the progress of human society. But with the development of commodity economy and the improvement of productivity. The shortcomings of physical currency are increasingly revealed, and physical currency is gradually replaced by metal currency. Precious metal currency not only made up for the shortage of physical currency, but also met the needs of commodity exchange at that time. There is no clear difference between nominal weight and actual weight of precious metal coins at the beginning of the site. Subsequently, metal coins with sufficient value and those with insufficient value after government losses also play the role of accumulating energy of money in the market, making people realize that money can be represented by symbols with insufficient value or no value. As metal coins cannot meet the needs of the development of commodity economy, money has entered the stage of substitute money. Substitute currency mainly represents precious metal currency. It plays the role of exchange medium in form and can freely exchange precious metal currency with issuing units. It is a great revolution in the history of currency development. Credit currency is the product of further development of substitute currency. It is a currency issued and created through credit procedures with credit as guarantee.
At present, almost all countries in the world adopt the monetary form of credit currency (including paper currency, subsidiary currency or bank deposit). However, with the rapid development of network technology and electronic technology, and the continuous improvement of credit system, electronic currency, as a monetary substitute for "payment function" in the process of transaction or consumption, has emerged, and the monetary form has changed from tangible to intangible (see Table 2-1) The evolution of monetary forms proves that money is an inevitable product of the development of commodity economy, and its form also evolves with the continuous development of commodity economy. From real money to credit money, the two major changes in the history of money development are accompanied by the rapid development of commodity economy and the continuous progress of productivity.
2、 Conditions for the emergence of electronic money
(1) The existence of credit is the weak foundation of electronic currency. The manifestation of electronic currency is the digital account number or value symbol in the computer, the product of the modernization of currency Shen Tong, and the product of the development of credit system. Credit has been given a new concept in modern society. In foreign financial contact industry, credit has been widely used to evaluate a person or a company. A person's credit is value. The most direct form of value is currency. For example, the credit card launched by Jintifan Group assesses a credit rating based on each person's income, family and repayment situation, and then gives the corresponding payment for goods. Electronic currency provides a good hierarchy for credit from virtual to real.
(2) The transfer and change of market form has created a demand market for electronic money. The emergence and development of any new thing must have its internal development power. The development of electronic currency is from commercial credit to bank credit, from retail store credit card to bank credit card later. The functions of traditional currency and electronic currency are the same. In the traditional sense, the market has fixed places. With the acceleration of the networking process of pink banks, the market and consumption places have changed from tangible to intangible, from fixed to mobile. The online banking business with bank cards as the carrier has developed rapidly. Cardholders can conduct transactions at any time, place and any form of financial network terminals through the Internet. The electronic currency is convenient and safe to carry and meets the changing needs of modern consumers. Become an indispensable part of economic life and financial industry.
(3) The high development and wide application of electronic technology provide technical support for electronic currency. Banks and other financial contact industries use modern science and technology to constantly improve business management and service systems, launch new high-tech modern financial contact products with t, and closely combine modern electronic 17 information technology, management science and financial contact business. The application of electronic technology and the development of informatization are essential technical conditions for the production of electronic currency. Electronic currency has developed from a purely conceptual credit card to a payment system that is more technologically advanced and has a stronger attachment to the Internet. The settlement, accounting and transfer of banks, without exception, require computer support and security. The advent of the Internet era has provided a channel for the development of electronic currency in Yiyu's bank settlement system. The development of wireless technology makes mobile banking possible. The popularization of science and technology has enabled more consumers to accept and use computers, and has created a broader space for the use of electronic money. The development of electronic money depends not only on the highly developed commodity economy, but also, more importantly, on the progress of modern science and technology.
(4) Credit card is the embryonic form of electronic currency and an important symbol of the emergence of electronic currency. Credit card is a modern payment tool with the development of commodity economy and the progress of science and technology. As a third party other than buyers and sellers, banks issue credit cards, which has developed from a credit tool limited to buyers and sellers in the past into a form of bank evaluation, rapidly expanding the scope of application of credit cards and further strengthening the strength of banks. Credit card has been popularized in quite a number of countries and regions, and it has become an inevitable trend to replace cash as a medium of commerce. Especially with the rapid development of modern science and technology, its functions are increasingly strengthened, and its use is more extensive. Credit card has become an important symbol and main form of expression in the era of electronic currency.
3、 Definition of electronic currency
Electronic currency, also known as network currency, digital currency or electronic currency, appeared more in the late 1970s. The content of this book is largely the same, but there is no unified conclusion at present.
Within the EU, the concept of electronic currency has a legal definition: in 1998, the European Central Bank issued the Electronic Currency Report, which broadly defined electronic currency as: "The currency price stored electronically in technical equipment can be widely used to pay to other parties except the issuer. In addition, as an anonymous prepaid engineer, electronic currency is not exempt from being associated with bank accounts in transactions: in 2002, the European Parliament and the Council issued the Electronic Currency Directive, which defined the legal concept of electronic currency as the monetary value represented by the creditor's rights to the issuer, and meets the requirements of storing electronic devices, As a means of payment, it can be accepted by other parties except the issuer. The directive has been translated into national laws and implemented by EU countries since 2004.
According to the international definition of Quan Cheng Jin Touch Organization, electronic monetary products are defined as "value storage or top payment" electronic payment tools, in which the funds or currency values that can be used by consumers are stored. They can be divided into two categories: Xiyu Card and Tomb Trunk Software. Electronic currency is a kind of credit currency that uses electronic pulse instead of paper to transmit and store funds.
