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Startup computer system principle

Source: Shangpin China | Type: website encyclopedia | Time: June 16, 2014
Starting the computer first means powering up the computer to provide the energy required for machine operation, and then starting the operating system normally to provide a platform for running other system software and various application software. Generally, the notebook computer can start the whole system through a switch. For desktop computers, you need to turn on the monitor power first, and then press the power switch of the host computer. Although starting the computer has been abstracted as an action of pressing the "switch" button, it needs to go through a complex process from power on to the appearance of the operating interface provided by the operating system.

As we all know, the hardware system of a computer is assembled by multiple components. These components need to be checked before starting the computer.

In desktop computers, CMOS is a read-write RAM chip on the motherboard, which is used to save the current system hardware configuration and user settings for certain parameters. The CMOS can be powered by the battery of the motherboard, and even if the system is powered down, the information will not be lost. If the configuration information of the machine in the CMOS is incorrect, the system performance may be reduced or the components cannot be identified, and a series of software and hardware failures may result. CMOS itself only has the function of data saving, and special Website production outsourcing Procedure.

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a group of programs solidified into the computer to provide the lowest and most direct hardware control for the computer. It is responsible for initializing, setting and testing each hardware component of the system when starting up to ensure that the system can work normally. A "system setting program" is installed in the ROM chip of BIOS, through which the parameters in CMOS can be set. Generally, you can enter this program by pressing one or a group of keys when starting up. The process of setting CMOS parameters is usually called "BIOS setting". In the CMOS setting interface, you can select Boot Sequence to start the operating system from CD-ROM, hard disk or other devices. To sum up, CMOS is the place to store system parameters, while the system setup program in BIOS is to complete parameter settings
The CMOS setting interface of a microcomputer system is shown in Figure 3-33
CMOS setting interface of a microcomputer system
After the computer is powered on, the system checks the internal devices by a program commonly called POST (Power On Self Test). The system's self check routines mainly include testing the CPU, system motherboard, basic memory, extended memory, system ROM BIOS, etc., verifying the system charm in CMOS, initializing the video controller, testing the video memory Monitor video signal and synchronization signal, test CRT interface, check keyboard, floppy drive, hard disk and CD-ROM subsystem, check parallel port (printer) and serial port (RS-232), etc.

If an error is found in the self inspection, it can be handled in two ways: for a serious fault (fatal fault), it will be shut down. At this time, because various initialization operations have not been completed, the system cannot give a detailed prompt or signal book. For a non serious fault, it will give a prompt or an audible alarm signal, waiting for the user to handle.

After the self-test, the ROM BIOS searches for valid boot drives such as hard and soft disk drives and CD-ROM according to the boot order in the system CMOS settings, reads the operating system boot record, and then gives the system control to the boot record, which completes the boot of the operating system. Most desktops take a minute or two to get started.
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