The Origin and Connotation of Information Technology Revolution
Source: Shangpin China |
Type: website encyclopedia |
Time: July 1, 2014
Researchers at home and abroad agree that the information technology revolution, which originated in the late 1940s in the United States and has been going on until the early 1990s, is the most important revolution in the primary industry of science and technology in human history, Website construction In promoting the information technology revolution at the beginning of the s, it is the most important scientific and technological industrial revolution in human history. It has shown unparalleled success in promoting the development of contemporary capitalist economy and social change in history.
The information technology revolution has produced Schumpeterian "creative collapse" on the contemporary capitalist economy (especially the United States) - whether from the macro level or the micro level. Zhang Zhengzhen, Li Jingzhi, Tuo Wuxin, Chen Jiequan, Yin Dengyang and Song Yuhua believed that the information technology revolution occurred in the United States, which was related to the specific historical background, and it was the result of the combined effect of many factors, among which the incentive institutional arrangement played an important role. Liu Shucheng and Zhang Ping also believe that scientific and technological progress represented by information technology progress is related to the innovation of the financial system and the positive evolution of the US government's science and technology policy. Different from the mainstream view, Li Xiaodong believes that "according to the important development of the new Schumpeter school in the theory of technological innovation, we can think that this information revolution started in 1948 when the fourth long wave started. In this long wave, information technology innovation cluster and new industry cluster led by information technology have emerged, and the combination of computer, network and communication has emerged on the basis of digitalization. This view has not attracted the attention of the academic community due to the lack of sufficient persuasiveness.
Lin Bangfu and Pan Xian'an pointed out that the Ding Revolution was first a revolution in digital information processing technology, and its core was information processing and communication technology. It was built on the basis of information infrastructure (IT). The officials of the U.S. Department of Commerce used the "digital revolution" to summarize the information technology revolution that began in the late 1940s. The main contents of this revolution were the popularization of computers and the establishment of the Internet. Moshuli and Rosenberg referred to the information technology revolution as the "electronic revolution", which can be traced back to two key inventions - the transistor and the computer. Both appeared in the late 1940s, and their development was stimulated by national security issues involved in the Cold War.
Custer pointed out in 1996 that it took only a quarter of a century for the information technology revolution to completely change the world. It is a technological revolution showing the trend of acceleration. Like the industrial revolution in the 18th century, it led to great changes in society. Generally speaking, academia believes that information technology refers to the general term of technology used to collect, store, process, transmit, display and other media with the support of computer and communication technology. Economists Shapiro and Varian believe that this technology is used to store, search, obtain, copy, avoid mistakes, control brakes, browse The second is that the information technology defined by Caster is different from other researchers. Information technology is "the technology of information processing and communication", which includes a whole set of technologies combined by microelectronics, electronic lung (hardware and software), telecommunications, broadcasting, radio and television. In addition, "genetic engineering and its increasing expansion to related development and application are also included in double information technology". Life science and the cause reduction project have also been included in the information technology field, which shows the unparalleled historical insight of Custer when he investigated the social changes of the scientific and technological revolution. He foresaw a huge trend of modern information technology to diagnose and affect the development of modern life science. Caster further pointed out: "Why is the development of new information technology concentrated in the United States in the 1970s; On the other hand, this kind of new information technology is becoming more and more prosperous. In this way, information technology is surrounded by a network of companies, organizations and institutions, forming a new social technology model.
The author believes that "the information technology revolution refers to the US Open, which took place in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and encircled the application of electronic computers in the field of information processing and telecommunications. It is manifested in a series of great innovations and inventions related to information processing and material transfer technology. This technology includes microelectronics technology (large-scale chess and large-scale integrated circuit technology) , computer technology (hardware manufacturing and software design) and information storage technology as the foundation, modern communication technology as the link, around the production, collection, transmission, processing, storage and retrieval of digital information. The formed general technology community for the development and utilization of information resources is also known as ICT (Information&Communication Technologies) technology. "In terms of the research on the origin of the information technology revolution, on the basis of summing up predecessors, I further put forward more persuasive opinions: "The information technology revolution took place in the United States from the late 1940s to the early 1990s, and it is most relevant to the social and historical causes of the information technology revolution in a specific historical period. The SST theory provides a comprehensive and profound theoretical framework for analyzing the social and historical causes of the information technology revolution. The theory believes that the relationship between the technological revolution and society is a benign interaction. However, the decisive role of modern society in technological progress is particularly prominent, which is reflected in the political and economic needs of society, as well as the integrated system of government, industry, education and research and the perfect venture capital system resulting from the combined role of the two, which determines that the information technology revolution will inevitably take place in the United States, and it is the result of "historical synergy".
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