What programming language should I learn

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Machine language: pure machine code
Assembly language: 8086 assembly, Win32 assembly NET assembly
high-level language:
Java、Basic、Pascal、Object Pascal、C、C++、C#、ASP、ASP. NET, Perl, PHP, SQL, FORTRAN, etc
Visual Basic、Visual Basic. NET, Delphi, Visual C++, C++Builder, C # Builder, Visual Foxpro, etc
The top row is pure programming languages, while the bottom row is developed programming languages (it should be said so). Let's briefly introduce various languages:
Machine language: Machine language is composed of binary codes of 0, 1, 0 and 1, and can be directly executed by computers. The efficiency is the highest, but the versatility is not strong. Different programs are required for different hardware. To put it bluntly, it is not suitable for people to program.
Assembly language: slightly less efficient than machine language. It replaces tedious and boring 0, 1 code with simple mnemonics. The same universality is not strong, and different languages need to be designed for different hardware. The learning curve is large and requires a lot of hardware knowledge. Because of its special nature, it has been widely used in some industries.
High level language: programming through natural language (mainly English) that can be recognized by human beings reduces efficiency again, but programming difficulty and readability are greatly improved. Good portability and practicability. It is suitable for large-scale development and is the language chosen by most people now. Moreover, the emergence of the Java language has to some extent solved the problem of migration difficulties caused by different platforms. For enterprises, the cost has also been greatly reduced. Now most enterprise level applications in the market are almost implemented by JAVA. The statistical results in recent months show that JAVA accounts for an increasing proportion in the development market!
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Basic
The computer language launched by Microsoft in the 1980s (I don't remember exactly when) caused a strong shock in the computer software development world. Its emergence freed many programmers from boring coding and gave them more energy to develop program structures. (Because I learned this language a long time ago and have a certain degree of understanding of it) However, it is a structured language like C and Pascal. When dealing with large-scale development, I will feel that I am gradually powerless and programmers need to pay too much attention to it. In fact, learning Basic is meaningless now. Because of its improved version Visual Basic and Visual Basic NET has greatly surpassed their ancestors both in function and practicality.

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In the era of multimedia and network, C++, Delphi, Java, or C #?
2003-07-13

In the application field, C/C++is not a high-level language, but a hardware and system programmer. Although the C++summit mission insists that the position of C++will not change much, the confrontation between. net and Java is likely to kick it out of the main game.

In multimedia, games and other fields, according to gamedev.net, C++is the mainstream in this field. Only C/C++is available on PS2, XBox and other pure game consoles. Almost all major game companies use C++, but in the past two years there have been some attempts to use other languages. In general, most of them are C++, some are Delphi, a small part are VB, and few are Java. Since a long time ago, many individuals and small groups have used VB for development. Basically, they don't like C/C++. Now they have turned to Delphi and Java because of their migration ability. Of course, some have also turned to C++. Recently, due to the emergence of many new technologies, the C++based support library has become more complex, so there has been a lot of discussion about the feasibility of Java replacing C++. It is reliable to say that with better optimization and the latest JIT, it can achieve 1/4 of the speed of the same C++program. When using the OpenGL production interface, graph intensive programs can achieve the same speed as the same C++program, But the Java 3D interface is slow. Now Microsoft is pushing NET platform and C++have no advantages here, which may have a greater impact on the future situation.

Pascal's future is difficult to predict. Apple launched MacOS X based on FreeBSD core. This is a complete C/C++system. CodeWarrior gave up the development of Pascal compiler, mainly promoting C++, Objective-C, and Java. Only Pascal community and civil compilers are standing behind. Borland's OP is very popular, but Pascal does not have strict standards, and no other compiler can be very compatible with Borland's OP.

The Internet is the current gold rush for businesses. After the browser battle, Microsoft was overtaken by Sun's Java, and had to compete with the behemoth like him. C++silently builds the foundation of the network.

C++: In traditional fields, such as algorithm research, data computing, and various underlying systems, C/C++is almost the world, especially on Unix machines. Because programming resources are very centralized, it is difficult not to choose C++. C++has a unified standard, and various hardware platforms have their compilers. The software of large companies with a history of several years is mostly based on C++, and a large number of programming library resources are also based on C/C++. In theory, C++can do anything. C++has a powerful type definition capability, such as the all inclusive object model, operator overloading, template, and macro, which can expand and define itself; On the other hand, it also causes C++to be unusually complex, difficult to maintain, and slow to compile. Therefore, many people use C++as a better C instead of complex functions in C++, which is very common in game programming, because they prefer to focus most of their energy on implementing functions of interest rather than code. People who are interested in programs prefer to do their best to write all kinds of clever code. It may be very difficult code, but it is very efficient and easy to use, such as the C++standard template library. In emerging areas, C++is in a difficult situation. There is no unified high-level tool library, and the workload is huge, which is unnecessary and unavoidable. Bjarne Stroustrup, the authority figure behind C++(the person who added dynamic_case<type>"this ugly syntax" to C++, in his own words: P) refused to improve the C++language, but only promoted the improvement of the C++library. Therefore, the position of C++is basically stable and fixed. It will neither die nor expand. Other comments: must be used by hackers, not suitable for introductory teaching purposes.

Delphi: Object Pascal, to be exact. Simple, intuitive and powerful is the most direct reason. You don't need to pay much attention to the language implementation and what you want to write, without losing the efficiency of C++. Even some parts of the execution speed is faster than C++, such as some string operations and file read/write buffers. The compilation speed is extremely fast (determined by the language characteristics). It contains a large number of good new language features, has a concise and powerful runtime library and object library, directly integrates COM, Corba, network components, databases, supports Windows, Linux, and will soon support NET platform. In the Delphi community, support for Delphi is almost fanatical. Members share their favorite source code. If you are a novice and want to become an expert quickly, Delphi is the best choice. But you come from a C++background, and you will learn more about beginning End, can't declare variables anywhere, no++operator, etc; If you like complex code and are familiar with STL and use it extensively, you will be disappointed that Delphi has no template. Delphi provides most of the system API interfaces, but there are also many shortcomings. The Delphi community provides a large number of API interfaces or packages, such as DirectX (Delphi does not need to import libraries and static libraries, and the Delphi version of the 100 megabyte C/C++SDK only has a few megabytes: P), and OpenGL1.2 interfaces and packages. However, there are generally several different versions, with different quality, and certainly not worse than Borland's, In fact, Borland also uses the source code provided by the community. Only Borland is an OP compiler, without industry standards and other options. Although FreePascal, which is partially compatible with OP, is available, the compiler without Delphi's library will be less attractive. Since Delphi has only been emerging for a few years, there are not many companies using it, and there are many organizations. If you are looking for a job, be sure to find out whether Delphi is used more in the field you want to work in, such as the database field. Other comments: save you a lot of time and give you ample opportunities to improve your program or go out to play;).

Java: simplified from C++. Sun really made great innovations in the design of the Java language, which won unanimous acclaim that year. Language doesn't have to be complex to be powerful, just like Bill Gates said in the age when Microsoft was still a hero that he could do anything that C could do with Basic. This is also true of Java. The execution of Java programs by virtual machines is independent of the platform, which is a great blessing for programmers. Especially for the Internet, Java is inherently qualified. However, due to Sun's mistakes, Java has gained some bad reputation and failed to achieve the expected prospect. First, Sun's virtual machine is too slow and poor garbage collection algorithm leads to an extreme waste of valuable memory resources. Unless the free physical memory is greater than all the memory required by the program, the system will be seriously affected by garbage collection, which is strongly criticized. The current virtual machine technology is much stronger than before. Personally, I think the Java virtual machines provided by other manufacturers are better than those provided by Sun. The second is bad class libraries. Sun's understanding of PC is far less than that of their high-end servers and workstations. The class library designed by Sun is also strong, and the styles of each part are different. It seems that many people who lack communication wrote it. Those familiar with PC programming will find it extremely tedious, weird and inefficient, so that there are many other alternative class libraries (Microsoft has made two). This problem was not improved until version 1.2 was released. Third, Sun refused to hand over Java to the Bureau of Standards, and Sun's authorization is required to build a virtual machine. Therefore, Java is now concentrated in the field of e-commerce. Due to its cross platform capability, its position is basically irreplaceable. Other comments: network application must be learned.

C #: A new variety of C++, called C++--. It can be said that it caters to the wishes of most C++programmers, that is, it maintains the power of C++and makes appropriate simplification, while adding fashionable language features NET platform, in short, great. But wait, C # is not perfect. If you are a C++programmer, you may not like it completely. And because C # is a new thing, there are not many resources available. In short, this is still uncultivated land. Although it is very attractive, you must be very cautious about whether to enter this land. If you are determined to follow Microsoft and have programming experience, you can pick up C # with confidence. Other comments: In the future, it is likely to be the main development tool of Microsoft, the strong rival of Java.

Pascal
Structured language, strict grammar structure, easy to teach. Compared with C language, it lacks some flexibility. But just because of its strict grammar, many Pascal programmers are attracted to its "poetic structure", which has always been the language that must be learned by computer majors in colleges and universities. Its improved versions, Object Pascal and Delphi, surpass it.
Object Pascal
The improved Pascal is an object-oriented Pascal and the core of Delphi language.
C
In the 1970s, Bell Labs developed it again. At that time, they improved the B language to solve a practical problem. Later, Bell Labs rewritten the UNIX operating system with it. It is a language that all engineering students and computer students must learn. It has many features: close to hardware, high execution efficiency, flexible use, and powerful functions. But it is still a structured programming language. It is still a little powerless to carry out large-scale development, and programmers often need to rack their brains to come up with various "ingenious" algorithms to achieve a certain goal. However, it plays an important role in learning operating system and developing MCU.
C++
The improved version of C language retains all the features of C language and adds the object-oriented idea. This feature has led to his unique advantages in many large-scale development. It has strong vitality in many fields. Until today, the language is still developing, and new technologies have emerged. There are too many introductions about C++, so you can search a lot on the Internet. I won't say more.

Java
Java is a simple, object-oriented, distributed, interpreted, keyed, secure, structurally neutral, portable, multithreaded, dynamic language with excellent performance. Java language was originally called OAK language in 1991. It is a common environment designed by SUN for some consumer electronic products. Their original purpose was just to develop a software technology independent of the platform, and before the emergence of the network, OAK could be said to be unknown, or even nearly died. However, the emergence of the network has changed the fate of OAK. Before Java came into being. The information content on the Internet is some boring and rigid HTML documents. This is intolerable for those who are obsessed with WEB browsing. They are eager to see some interactive content in the WEB. Developers are also eager to create a class of applications on the WEB that can be executed without considering the hardware and software platform. Of course, these programs also have great security guarantees. Traditional programming languages are powerless to meet the user's requirements. SUN engineers are keenly aware of this. Since 1994, they began to apply OAK technology to the Web and developed the first version of HotJava. When SUN officially launched under the name of Java in 1995, almost all web developers thought: Oh, this is exactly what I want. So Java became a shining star, and the ugly duckling turned into a white swan. Java language has many characteristics, such as platform independence, security, object-oriented, distributed, etc., which makes it a hot language in today's computer world and has a large number of advocates.
ASP/ASP. NET/PHP/Perl
These are the languages used for web page development. All friends who are interested in web development should consider them. In fact, I am not very familiar with these languages (I only have a simple experience with ASP), so I dare not talk nonsense to avoid misleading people. Interested friends can consider it.
SQL
Structured query language, mainly used for database development. However, many modern languages (Delphi, etc.) support embedded SQL. Those who need database development should consider this language.
FORTRAN
A language originally developed for the needs of the US Department of Defense. Good at scientific calculation, mainly used in colleges and universities. It is said that the improved version of FoRTRAN launched recently has been greatly improved.
Visual Baisc、Visual Baisc. NET
They are all improved from basic. Among them, Visual basic is an interpretive language with fast compilation speed and real-time debugging, but it is not completely object-oriented, and multithreading development is difficult. But its biggest advantage is simple! Visual Baisc. NET is a new language based on Microsoft. net platform. (Note that it is a completely different language from Visual Basic.) It is object-oriented and can be used for embedded development. And asp NET is closely integrated. And the performance is greatly improved. It is also promising.
Visual C++/C++ Builder
Both are C++language development environments, which can make it easier for users to develop Windows programs. Visual C++is a product of Microsoft, while C++Builder is a product of Borland.
C# builder
Borland's C # development environment.
Delphi
Borland's flagship product. The integrated development environment of Object Pascal, with powerful database function, efficient compilation speed and convenient development, makes many companies choose Delphi as their preferred development language.
So what should we choose for such a wide range of languages? The general principle is that you should choose the language you want. You can choose the language and dialect you are interested in. Personally, I still value the prospect of JAVA. You can see from the ranking list of development languages in recent months. The following is an analysis of several types of people:
Full novice:
I have never touched programming before, and I have no understanding of computer programming. The purpose of learning programming is to explore what is hidden behind the seemingly mysterious program. Such friends suggest learning Java, or asp.net. The reason is that JAVA is simple enough, quick to use, and has a strong sense of achievement. In addition, JAVA is relatively more practical and easier to get employed.
The nature of work is hardware oriented (embedded development):
Assembly and C language, although assembly is difficult to learn and requires high hardware knowledge, the nature of your work determines that you must follow this path. Although C language is not suitable for large-scale development, it has unique advantages in hardware control. So far, C still occupies a considerable market in hardware development.
College engineering students:
Although java/C++and C++are excellent, it is not easy to develop excellent and stable Windows programs with C++, and the learning curve is large, which requires a lot of time. Delphi, many people say that it has no future. In fact, I don't think so. Maybe its future is uncertain, but its past and present are still excellent! For some small and medium-sized e-commerce websites, PHP still has its market. Java is an emerging language in recent years. Its development speed is amazing. Now more and more software is developed on the basis of Java, especially for the web. Now JAVA has begun to aspire to the extension of hardware. Now the entire development market is about 60% occupied by JAVA, It is faster than C++, has strong portability, and has good control over hardware.
Liberal arts students in colleges and universities:
Visual Foxpro seems to be something you must learn, at least in our school. This is mainly for database development. In fact, this is enough for your future applications. If you have a stronger interest in programming, learn Java.
Staff who need to produce results in a short time:
I learned programming in school before, and I have a certain foundation, but I haven't used programming since I finished learning. However, due to the need of work, we must come up with a decent procedure in a short time. Then you'd better choose JAVA. The reason has already been mentioned.
Friends who oppose Microsoft monopoly and love open source:
C++or Java are both good choices. As long as you learn C++, you must pay attention to the open source community. Java now has strong vitality, blooms everywhere in various fields, and is constantly developing and improving in the whole language.
Friends engaged in Internet development:
Java,C#，ASP/ASP. Both Net and PHP are OK. It is suggested that you can combine development tools (such as Dreamweaver), which will certainly lead to twice the result with half the effort.

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What are the differences between C language and C #, C++
2009-11-15

C++ Builder
C++Builder is a high-performance visual integrated development tool launched by Borland following Delphi. C++Builder has a fast visual development environment: simply drag a component onto a form, define its properties, and set its appearance, you can quickly establish an application interface; C++Builder has built more than 100 reusable controls that completely encapsulate the common features of Windows and have full scalability (including full support for ActiveX controls); C++Builder has all the functions that a professional C++development environment can provide: fast, efficient and flexible compiler optimization, step-by-step connection, CPU perspective, command line tools, etc. It realizes the perfect combination of visual programming environment and powerful programming language (C++).

The 32-bit native code compiler optimized by C++Builder is based on Borland's proven compilation technology. It provides a highly secure, reliable and fast compilation optimization method, and completely compiles the original machine code instead of intermediate code. The software execution speed is greatly improved. In the process of compilation and connection, C++Builder automatically ignores unmodified original code and unused functions, thus greatly improving the speed of compilation and connection. The CPU perspective tool of C++Builder includes five independent panels, which can provide a deep understanding of the running program from the inside. In addition, C++Builder also provides a command line tool necessary for a professional development environment to help build C++programs or programs that are ready to be compiled and connected for finer control.

C++Builder can compile all ANSI/ISO compliant original codes, and support the latest ANSI C++/C language features: Templates, Exceptions, Runtime Type Information, Namespaces, etc. In addition, it can also use standard C++libraries and support the standard template library (STL). All previous C++/C original codes can not be modified, Directly migrate to the C++Builder environment. C++Builder fully supports 32-bit long file names, multi-threaded programming, and allows programmers to directly call any Win95 and NT API functions.

The integrated development environment (IDE) of C++Builder provides a series of visual rapid application development (RAD) tools, such as visual form designer, object viewer, control board, project manager, integrated editor and debugger, so that programmers can easily establish and manage their own programs and resources.

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Visual C++
Visual C++is a powerful visual software development tool. Since Microsoft introduced Visual C++1.0 in 1993, with its new versions coming out, Visual C++has become the preferred tool for professional programmers to develop software.

Although Microsoft launched Visual C++ NET (Visual C++7.0), but its application is limited to Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows NT4.0. Therefore, in practice, most of them are based on Visual C++6.0.

Visual C++6.0 is not only a C++compiler, but also an integrated development environment (IDE) based on Windows operating system. Visual C++6.0 consists of many components, including editor, debugger, program wizard AppWizard, class wizard Class Wizard and other development tools. These components form a harmonious development environment through a set of components called Developer Studio.

Visual C++can be divided into three main parts:

1. Developer Studio, an integrated development environment, is where 99% of our daily work is done. In addition, its title is "Microsoft Visual C++", so many people take it for granted that it is Visual C++. In fact, although Developer Studio provides a good editor and many wizards, it does not have any function of compiling and linking programs. The heroes who really complete these works will be introduced later. We also know that Developer Studio is not specially used for VC. It is also used for VB, VJ, VID and other compatriots of Visual Studio family. So don't treat Developer Studio as Visual C++, it is just a shell of Visual C++at best. Please remember this!

2． MFC。 Theoretically, MFC is not specific to Visual C++either. Borland C++, C++Builder and Symantec C++can also handle MFC. At the same time, writing code with Visual C++does not mean that MFC must be used. As long as you are willing, there is no limit to writing SDK programs with Visual C++, or using STL and ATL. However, Visual C++is originally built for MFC, and many features and language extensions in Visual C++are also designed for MFC. Therefore, using Visual C++instead of MFC is equivalent to abandoning a large part of the functions in Visual C++. However, Visual C++is not equal to MFC.

3． Platform SDK。 This is the essence and soul of Visual C++and the entire Visual Studio, although we rarely have direct access to it. Generally speaking, the Platform SDK is based on the Microsoft C/C++compiler (not Visual C++, see clearly), together with MASM, supplemented by other tools and documentation. As mentioned above, Developer Studio does not have the function of compiling programs, so who does this work? CL, NMAKE, and many other command line programs, which we cannot see are the cornerstone of Visual Studio.
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c#
C # (pronounced "C sharp", pronounced "Sharp" in Chinese) is a new programming language released by Microsoft last June, and is scheduled to appear on the Microsoft Professional Developer Forum (PDC) C # is the latest achievement of Anders Hejlsberg, a Microsoft researcher C # looks strikingly similar to Java; It includes such things as single inheritance, interface, almost the same syntax as Java, and the process of compiling into intermediate code and then running. However, C # is obviously different from Java. It draws on a feature of Delphi, is directly integrated with COM (Component Object Model), and it is Microsoft NET windows network framework
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C language
C language is a popular and widely used high-level programming language in the world.

C language is obviously superior to other high-level languages in operating systems, system programs and hardware operations. Many large-scale application software is written in C language.

C language has strong drawing ability, portability, and strong data processing ability, so it is suitable for writing system software, 3D, 2D graphics and animation. It is a high-level language for numerical calculation.

Common compiling software includes Microsoft Visual C++, Borland C++, Watcom C++, Borland C++, Borland C++Builder, Borland C++3.1 for DOS, Watcom C++11.0 for DOS, GNU DJGPP C++, Lccwin32 C Compiler 3.1, Microsoft C, High C, TurboC, etc

The Development History of C Language

The development of C language is quite interesting. Its prototype is ALGOL 60 language. (also known as A language)

In 1963, Cambridge University developed ALGOL 60 into CPL (Combined Programming Language).

In 1967, Matin Richards of Cambridge University simplified the CPL language, resulting in the BCPL language.

In 1970, Ken Thompson of Bell Laboratories in the United States modified BCPL and gave it an interesting name "B language". It means to boil CPL language dry and extract its essence. And he wrote the first UNIX operating system in B language.

In 1973, the B language was also "cooked" by D M. RITCHIE finally designed a new language based on the B language. He took the second letter of BGPL as the name of this language, which is C language.

In order to promote the UNIX operating system, Dennis M. Ritchie published the C language compilation text Portable C Language Compiler which does not depend on the specific machine system in 1977.

In 1978, Brian W. Kernighian and Dennis M. Ritchie published the famous book The C Programming Language, making C the most popular high-level programming language in the world.

In 1988, with the increasing popularity of microcomputers, many C language versions appeared. Because there is no unified standard, there are some inconsistencies between these C languages. In order to change this situation, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has developed a set of ANSI standards for C language, which has become the main feature of the current C language standard 3. C language. C language has developed rapidly and become one of the most popular languages, mainly because of its powerful functions. Many famous system software, such as DBASE Ⅲ PLUS and DBASE Ⅳ, are written in C language. With C language and some assembly language subprograms, the advantages of C language can be more displayed. PC DOS, WORDSTAR, etc. are written in this way.

Features of C Language

1. Simple, compact, flexible and convenient

There are only 32 keywords and 9 control statements in C language. The program is free to write, and it is mainly represented by lowercase letters. It combines the basic structure and sentence of high-level language with the practicality of low-level language. C language can operate on bits, bytes and addresses just like assembly language, and these three are the most basic working units of computers.

2. Rich operators

The operators of C cover a wide range, including 34 operators. C language treats parentheses, assignments, casts, etc. as operators. Thus, the operation type of C is extremely rich and the expression type is diversified. The flexible use of various operators can realize operations that are difficult to implement in other high-level languages.

3. Rich data structure

The data types of C are: integer, real, character, array, pointer, structure, common body, etc. It can be used to implement various complex data type operations. The concept of pointer is introduced to make the program more efficient. In addition, C language has powerful graphics functions, supporting a variety of displays and drivers. And the calculation function and logic judgment function are powerful.

4. C is a structured language

The prominent feature of structured language is the separation of code and data, that is, all parts of the program are independent of each other except for necessary information exchange. This structured way can make the program hierarchy clear, easy to use, maintain and debug. C language is provided to users in the form of functions, which can be called conveniently, and have a variety of loops and conditional statements to control the flow of the program, so that the program is fully structured.

5. The C syntax is not too restrictive, and the programming freedom is large

General high-level language grammar check is relatively strict, and can check almost all grammar errors. C language allows programmers to have greater freedom.

6. The C language allows direct access to the physical address and can directly operate the hardware

Therefore, it not only has the function of high-level language, but also has many functions of low-level language. It can operate bits, bytes and addresses like assembly language, and these three are the most basic working units of computers, which can be used to write system software.

7. High quality code generated by C language program and high program execution efficiency

Generally, it is only 10 へ 20% less efficient than the object code generated by the assembler.

8. C language has a wide scope of application and good portability

One of the outstanding advantages of C language is that it is suitable for a variety of operating systems, such as DOS, UNIX, and also for a variety of models.

Of course, C also has its own shortcomings, such as: the syntax restrictions of C language are not too strict, the type constraints of variables are not strict, affecting the security of the program, and the subscripts of the logarithmic family are not checked when they are out of bounds. From the perspective of application, C language is more difficult to master than other high-level languages.

In a word, C language has the characteristics of both high-level language and assembly language; It is a successful system design language and sometimes a used programming language; It can not only be used to write application programs that do not rely on computer hardware, but also can be used to write various system programs; Is a popular, widely used programming language.

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[Transfer] Comparison of Visual C #, Java (or JBuilder) and Delphi programming languages 2008-11-10 21:30 Delphi: My favorite slogan and one that I hear most often is "The real programmer uses C language, the most intelligent programmer uses Delphi". Java: Of course, it is also weak and has its own classic slogan "Write Once, Run anywhere". Louder, right? C #: It seems that there is no very loud slogan, but according to old Bill, Microsoft's products will be developed in this language in the future. Hehe, is old Bill practical enough? In this case, it is enough to attract programmers. The cross platform nature of Delphi will not be discussed, which can be said to be no good. Java is first-class. For example, most of the telecom products, home appliances, aerospace products we use now use Java. C # is reputed to be cross platform, but I don't think it is strong in this respect. Maybe it is because I have always been biased against Microsoft's products. Delphi is often used in C/S structure program development. Although Borland also talks about powerful Internet/Intranet development support functions, if you have used Java/C # and other products, Borland's talk has become insignificant. JAVA/C # I always thought that they could only be used as web sites or websites. In fact, these two languages can do everything they can say, and Borland can also achieve what they can. Of course, we often call their products B/S structure. I used to think that they could not implement OnChange, OnCreate, and dynamic computing like Delphi. In fact, these are pediatrics and can be implemented. The only bad thing is that Java/C # is inferior to Delphi in Report. Although Java/C # has many third-party components, such as crystalreport and the "Huabiao" of UFIDA in China, it seems that KingSoft also has similar reporting tools. But I don't think they can do as well as Delphi. Of course, from another point of view, the B/S structure is quite high in terms of reducing costs and facilitating maintenance. This is also the reason why B/S structured products have become popular in recent years. Speaking of this, I have to mention that security is also a big problem because the B/S structure may run on the Internet. However, this is a matter of network management. We programmers need not worry too much. (I think this sentence is not correct. We must also consider security when doing coding.).

a) As the flagship product of Borland, Delphi has become the most popular and widely used development tool for software developers and programmers with its fast and efficient development method and powerful functions. Delphi is a new generation of programming tool that accounts for 70% of the global programming market, and the demand for developers is growing (hehe, I wonder when Borland made the statistics? I think it may not have such a large share now) hehe, tell a joke. It's said that the founder of Borland entered Silicon Valley from France with a tourist visa? Who knows, he didn't want to leave when he went to Silicon Valley, and he also founded the famous Borland Company. It's not over yet. At the beginning of Borland's entrepreneurship, he once wanted to name the company "MIT (Market In Time)". Isn't that amazing? In this way, MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) must disagree - why do you want to earn my name? So the name Borland was used later. But from my personal point of view, I think Borland is better than MIT. Delphi, as a special tool for professional software development technicians, has a profound impact on the industry, and even after Sun introduced the famous Java, with the help of Borland, it developed the Java version of the component - JavaBean. b) The emergence and development of Java is somewhat legendary. Java is a product of Sun Corporation. At first, Sun Corporation didn't want to invent Java, let alone Java, which will become more famous than Sun Corporation today. In the early 1990s, Sun wanted to develop a software that could run on household appliances. This software must be portable, safe and cross platform. So Sun set up a language development group called "Green" with James, Gosling, etc. as the core. At first, they used C++as a compiler, but soon found that the cross platform and security of this language were still insufficient. If they had invented a language, they would call it "Oak" (also called "Oak"). Later, the development of the Internet provided infinite vitality for the development of Oak. Oak just met the characteristics of WWW (although it was initially used as an applet embedded in the web). Later, several engineers who were also Oak named him Java when drinking coffee again. Like the birth of a beauty, the official release of Java in 1995 has aroused strong repercussions. In 1995, Java also announced its complete technical specifications to the world, which is another strong point for the future development of other IT companies. So old Bill had to admit that "Java is definitely the greatest programming language ever" after repeatedly and carefully studying the technical specifications of Java. Because Java language originates from C++, and C++originates from C, the Java language inherits and develops the advantages of C++and C, so many programmers will develop how similar it is to C++/C when learning Java. In a word, Java grew up unconsciously in ignorance. c) When Visual C # mentions C #, we have to mention one of the world's greatest creators: Anders Hejlsberg. Hejlsberg was originally a Danish. In the 1980s, he designed a Pascal compiler. Later, Borland Company took a fancy to him, bought his product (Borland called it Turbo Pascal), and hired him. Hejlsberg also lived up to expectations. Under his leadership, he developed a miracle in history: Delphi language. Hejlsberg worked in Borland for 13 years. Until the mid-1990s (1996), this miraculous creator jumped to Microsoft again. After four years of dedicated research, he miraculously developed the C # language and the Net Framework。 So Hejlsberg can be called the world's greatest inventor. Speaking of C #, I still have to mention that Sun Corporation is the sworn enemy of many large soft corp. in the world, and Microsoft is also a close partner. Old Bill's cleverness is to learn from others and develop his own products. The birth of C # is five years behind Java, but at the same time, C # language comes from behind. C # language combines the advantages of existing computer programming languages and software: Visual C++, Visual Basic, Delphi, C++Builder, J Builder, Java, etc.
It is also true that C # has become Microsoft's most powerful weapon against the Java language. Market analysts believe that Microsoft wants to use C # to prevent the original C++developers from joining the Java camp. For example, C # imitates a variety of features provided by Java, including "garbage collection mechanism", "general engine" that can be developed using multiple types of languages, and so on.

(3) Comparison of three languages C # and Delphi Comparison Delphi organizes statement blocks through Begin... end, which I think is clumsy compared with C #. Delphi is the machine code. Cross platform performance depends on Borland's continuous improvement. Of course, Delphi is still the first choice of many programmers in developing some complex C/S structures and distinctive reports. C # and Java are byte codes. So their cross platform nature is better than Delphi in theory. Of course, so far, I think C # is still inferior to Java, because in terms of platform independence, I always think C # is inferior to Java. Although these two languages both inherit the language characteristics of C++and are developed from it. Of course, C # also has some advantages over Java in the past. Because C # was born five years later than Java, Hejlsberg, the founder of C #, was deeply influenced by Java in creating C #, so he also absorbed a lot of advantages of Java. For example, C # supports operator overloading, type safe enumeration and safe embedded pointer. C # can be compared with others NET program seamless link. The cost is far lower than Java, and C # can even be regarded as a low-grade alternative to Java. In addition, the combination of C # and Web services is slightly stronger than that of Java. Although the combination of Java and Web services is not bad, it was added later. Therefore, it is impossible for anyone of the three languages to eat anyone in the short term. I think the situation of tripartite confrontation should be maintained at least for some time.

(4) Similarities: I have reviewed the characteristics of the three languages respectively, and the similarities among the three companies are amazing: a) Powerful integrated development environment (IDE). I wonder if this is the essence of visualization? b) Object oriented. This is a bit of nonsense. If we are not object-oriented now, we really don't know what it looks like. Of course, VB is called object-oriented, but it is not really object-oriented. Actually, they are all OOP. c) Rich component library. This is nonsense. Class libraries are of course important. It is called component library in Delphi and class in Java and C #. d) Template types make programming easier. e) Strong exception handling mechanism. In recent years, we don't have to be defensive, so we still need to have a plan in mind for dealing with abnormalities^ f) Powerful database application development capability. Dizzy, what age. Still talking about the powerful database development capability, can we write programs without databases now? I think if anyone of your three companies leaves the database, he or she may really want to go back to his or her hometown. g) Supports multithreading. Needless to say, multithreading is advocated everywhere. But can you distinguish between threads and processes?

(5) Language foundation: Delphi is Pascal's Java is C++/C; C # is also derived from C/C++, so it is easier for programmers who learn Java first to learn C #. There are also materials that say "C # language combines with the advantages of existing computer programming languages and software: Visual C++, Visual Basic, Delphi, C++Builder, J Builder, Java, etc." This also shows that C language is a very important foundation. Unfortunately, when I was in college, my C was not very good

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You can take a look at these websites. Here is an introduction to java:
Introduction to Java Language
I Origin of Java
When SUN launched the Java language in 1995, the eyes of the world were attracted by this magical language. What is the magic of Java
What about?
Java language was originally called OAK language in 1991. It was designed by SUN for some consumer electronic products
Use environment. Their original purpose was to develop a software technology independent of the platform, and before the emergence of the network, OAK can be said to be
Unknown, even almost died prematurely. However, the emergence of the network has changed the fate of OAK.
Before Java came into being. The information content on the Internet is some boring and rigid HTML documents. For those who are obsessed with web browsing
It is simply intolerable for us. They are eager to see some interactive content on the Web, and developers are eager to create
Build a class of applications that can be executed without considering the hardware and software platform. Of course, these programs also have great security guarantees. For this user
The traditional programming language seems powerless. The engineers of SUN are keenly aware of this. Since 1994, they have
The OAK technology was applied to the WEB, and the first version of HotJava was developed. When SUN officially launched under the name of Java in 1995
At that time, almost all Web developers thought: Oh, this is exactly what I want. So Java became a shining star, the ugly duckling
It turned into a white swan.
II Definition of Java

Java is simple, object-oriented, distributed, interpreted, key strong, secure, structure neutral, portable, and has very good performance
Excellent multithreading, dynamic language.
There are different versions of the Java development environment, such as the Java Developers Kit of Sun, or JDK for short. Later, Microsoft launched a
Microsoft Visual J++Java development environment with Java specification, referred to as VJ++.
III Features of Java
1. Platform independence
Platform independence means that Java can run on different platforms. Java introduces the principle of virtual machine and runs on virtual machine to realize
Java interface. Programs written in Java can be shared worldwide. The data type of Java is machine independent. Java virtual machine（
Java Virtual Machine) is built on the hardware and operating system to implement the interpretation and execution function of Java binary code
Interface of different platforms.
2. Safety
Java programming is similar to C++. Readers who have learned C++will soon grasp the essence of Java. Java abandons the straight line from C++pointer to memory address
When the program runs, the memory is allocated by the operating system, which can prevent viruses from invading the system through pointers. Java provides
Security manager to prevent illegal access to programs.
3. Object oriented
Java absorbs the concept of C++object-oriented, encapsulates data in classes, and uses the advantages of classes to realize the simplicity and maintainability of programs.
Class encapsulation, inheritance and other object related features make the program code only need to be compiled once, and then repeatedly used through the above features. program
Members only need to focus on the design and application of classes and interfaces. Java provides many classes of general objects. Through inheritance
Use the methods of the parent class. In Java, the inheritance relationship of a class is single and not multiple. A subclass has only one parent class, and the parent class of the subclass
There is a parent class. The inheritance relationship between the Object class and its subclasses provided by Java is like an inverted tree. The root class is the Object class,
The Object class is powerful, and it and other derived subclasses are often used.

4. Distributed
Java is built on an extended TCP/IP network platform. Library functions provide a way to transmit and receive information using HTTP and FTP protocols. This makes the program
It is as easy for employees to use files on the network as it is to use local files.
5. Key robustness
Java is committed to checking the program for errors when compiling and running. Type checking helps to detect many early development errors. Java self operation
Vertical memory reduces the possibility of memory errors. Java also implements true arrays to avoid the possibility of overwriting data. These functional features are greatly improved
Java application development cycle. Java provides: null pointer detection, array boundary detection, exception exit, byte code verification
。
IV Java and C/C++Language
Java provides all the functions of a powerful language, but there is almost no ambiguity. C++security is poor, but C and C++are
Accept, so Java is designed as C++, which is easy for everyone to learn.
Java has removed many functions of C++language, refined the language functions of Java, and added some useful functions, such as automatic collection of fragments
Film.
Java removes the following C and C++functions:
Pointer operation
structure
typedefs
#define
Need to free memory
This will reduce the number of common errors by 50%. Moreover, Java is very small, and the whole interpreter only needs 215K RAM.
Face object: Java implements the basic face object technology of C++and has some enhancements (some functions have been deleted for the sake of simple language).
Java processes data in the same way as object interfaces.

V Java and Internet
We know that the early www can only transmit text and pictures. The emergence of Java has realized interactive pages, which is a great revolution.
Java is not designed for the Internet and WWW. It can also be used to write independent applications. Java is an object-oriented language.
Java language is similar to C++language, so it is much easier for programmers who have mastered C++language to learn Java language again! Java
The program needs to be compiled. In fact, there are two kinds of Java programs: a Java application is a complete program, such as a Web browser. one
A Java applet is a program that runs in a Web browser

The Java program and its browser HotJava provide a way for your browser to run the program. You can play it directly from your browser
Sound. You can also play animations on the page. Java can also tell your browser how to handle new type files. When we can
When baud transmits video images online, HotJava will be able to display these videos.
One of the major development trends of the Internet today is e-commerce, and the security problem of the Internet is a problem that must be solved. Generally, large departments should set up
Set firewall to prevent illegal intrusion.
Electronic commerce is a hot topic nowadays, but traditional programming languages are not competent for electronic commerce systems, and electronic commerce requires that program codes have basic
The requirements of the company: safe, reliable, and capable of doing business with customers all over the world who run machines on different platforms. Java with its strong security
Property, platform independence, hardware structure independence, concise language and object-oriented at the same time, occupy an incomparable advantage in network programming languages
It is the preferred language for implementing e-commerce systems.
The Java program is placed on the Internet server. When the user accesses the server, the Java program is downloaded to the local user machine, and the browser
Explain the operation.
[NextPage]
Introduction to PowerBuilder
Generation of PowerBuilder
PowerBuilder is a successful product launched by PowerSoft, a famous database application development tool manufacturer in the United States. Its first version was launched in June 1991
It was officially put into the market in June. It is completely developed and designed according to the client/server architecture, adopts object-oriented technology, and develops graphical applications
The development environment is the front-end development tool of the database.
Features of PowerBuilder
It supports application systems to access multiple databases at the same time, including large databases such as Oracle, Sybase, and FOXPRO
PowerBuilder is a small database supporting ODBC interface. PowerBuilder is a fully visual database development tool, which provides a large number of controls
It speeds up the development of the project and makes it easier for developers to master the development of the database.
It uses a programming language called PowerScripr, which is also a high-level, structured programming language. PowerScript provides a set of
A complete embedded SQL statement allows developers to use SQL language as freely as other statements, which greatly enhances program operation
The ability to vertically and access the database. It can be said that PowerBuilder is not only suitable for beginners to quickly learn database development, but also can let experienced developers
Developers have developed a powerful database, which is a development tool with a wide range of applications.
PowerBuilder is a complete visual development environment for client/server development. With PowerBuilder, you can use
A visual and intuitive way to create user interfaces and database interfaces for applications. This is a general concept. In fact, developers make
PowerBuilder is used to develop application programs. Because various application programs developed make full use of the advantages of graphical user interface (GUI)
PowerBuilder is regarded as a graphical tool.
In the application of client/server structure, PowerBuilder has the ability to describe the connection and retrieval of multiple databases. especially
PowerBuilder can access data from most popular RDBMS, no matter where the data is stored; In addition, various applications
It can be independent of RDBMS, because PowerBuilder can use SQL (Structured Query Language), the standard operating language of the database.
With PowerBuilder, you can easily develop powerful graphical interface applications that access server databases,
PowerBuilder provides all the tools needed to build industry standard applications such as order registration, accounting, and manufacturing systems.
PowerBuilder applications consist of windows that contain controls that users interact with. Developers can use all standard spaces
(such as buttons, check boxes, drop-down list boxes, or edit boxes) and special features provided by PowerBuilder make applications easier to develop and
Control used.
Usually people regard PowerBuilder as a development tool. In fact, it is much stronger than other tools and is a powerful development environment.
Developers can not only use it to develop various applications that are easy for users to use, but also modify the database through PowerBuilder
Multiple internally defined functions can develop various applications that can work with other applications.
PowerBuilder is becoming the standard of client/server application development. Compared with any other client/server development environment,
PowerBuilder enables developers to work faster, at lower cost, with higher quality and stronger functions.
PowerBuilder provides comprehensive support for application development, which can be summarized as follows:
Event driven applications
Powerful programming languages and functions
Object oriented programming
Cross platform development
Open database linking system
PowerBuilder development environment
PowerBuilder development environment is composed of a series of integrated graphic sketchboards (Painters), which can be used by application developers through simple mouse operation
Design, build, interactively verify and test client/server applications.
[NextPage]
Introduction to Delphi

The name Delphi comes from the city name of ancient Greece. It combines the advantages of the third generation language. Based on Object Pascal, it expands the scope
Object oriented capability, and a perfect combination of visual development tools. Delphi has attracted people's attention since its launch in March 1995,
And won many awards at one fell swoop that year.
The appearance of Delphi has broken the situation that Vcheng visual programming field is in control of the world. And Delphi uses the direct generation technology of the local compiler,
The execution performance of the program is far higher than that of programs generated by other products. It is also a true object-oriented programming language. The preciseness of PASCAL language
With the advantages of visualization and powerful database functions, it has sufficient capital and Microsoft's VB challenge. Many people thought Pascal
Delphi is the most promising programming language, and it is predicted that Delphi will become the mainstream environment for visual programming.
Delphi automatically converts to after you program EXE files run faster than VB, and can be run without other support libraries after compilation
that 's ok. Its database function is also very strong, and it is an ideal programming tool for developing medium-sized database software. Delphi is applicable to application software and data
Development of library system, system software, etc. In addition, it has almost the same function as VB, and can also apply API functions, which controls
Windows is very useful.
Delphi is a new visual programming environment, which provides us with a convenient and fast Windows application development tool. It uses
Many advanced features and design ideas of Microsoft Windows graphical user interface adopt elastic and reusable complete object-oriented
Object Oriented Language, the world's fastest editor and the most advanced database technology. For the general
For program developers, using Delphi to develop application software will undoubtedly greatly improve the programming efficiency, and with the deepening of the application, you will
You will find that programming is no longer a boring job - every design detail of Delphi will bring you joy.
The basic form of Delphi
Delphi is actually a version of Pascal language, but it is very different from the traditional Pascal language. A Delphi program should first
Use the program framework, which is the "skeleton" of the application. Even if nothing is attached to the skeleton, you can still strictly follow the
Design operation. Your job is just to add your program to the skeleton. The default application is a blank form. You can
Run it and you will get a blank window. This window has all the properties of a Windows window: it can be zoomed in, zoomed out, moved
Large minimization, etc., but you haven't written a one liner program. Therefore, it can be said that by providing something common to all applications,
It has laid a good foundation for the development of user applications.
Delphi has done all the basic work for you - the program framework is a completed executable application, but does not deal with any
thing. All you need to do is add code to the program to complete the functions you need. Behind the blank window, the application's
The framework is waiting for user input. Since you did not tell it how to react after receiving user input, the window responds to the basic Windows
Besides operations (move, zoom, etc.), it only accepts user input and then ignores it.

The salary of formal programmers should be more than 2000, or tens of thousands more
Before running the JSP sample page, please pay attention to the directory where JSWDK is installed, especially the contents under the "work" subdirectory. Execution example
You can see how JSP pages are converted into Java source files and then compiled into class files (that is
Servlet ）。 The sample pages in the JSWDK software package are divided into two types, either JSP files or those containing a form
HTML files, and these forms are processed by JSP code. Like ASP, Java code in JSP is executed on the server side. therefore
In the browser, you cannot see the JSP source code using the View Source File menu. You can only see the result HTML code. For all samples
The source code is provided through a separate "examples" page.
Java Servlet is an ideal framework for developing Web applications. JSP is based on Servlet technology and has been improved in many aspects. JSP
The page looks like an ordinary HTML page, but it allows embedded execution code. In this regard, it is very similar to ASP technology. Leverage cross platform
Running JavaBean components, JSP provides an excellent solution for separating processing logic and display style. JSP is bound to become one of the ASP technologies
Strong competitors.
[NextPage]
Introduction to SQL Language
The full name of SQL is "Structured Query Language", which was originally developed by the St. Joseph Research Laboratory of IBM
It is a query language developed by the database management system SYSTEM R. Its predecessor is the SQUARE language. SQL language has simple structure and powerful functions
, easy to learn, so SQL has been widely used since IBM launched it in 1981. Today, whether it's like Oracle
, Sybase, Informix, SQL server and other large-scale database management systems, or micro systems like Visual Foxporo and PowerBuilder
The database development system commonly used on the computer supports SQL language as the query language.
The Structured Query Language consists of four parts:
DQL Data Query Language SELECT
DQL Data Manipulation Language INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
DQL Data Definition Language CREATE, ALTER, DROP
DQL Data Control Language COMMIT WORK, ROLLBACK WORK

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Java is a simple, object-oriented, distributed, interpreted, robust, secure, structure neutral, portable, high-performance, multi-threaded dynamic language.
The Java language is simple, object-oriented, distributed and secure. The Java language is architecture neutral. The Java language is portable. The Java language is interpreted. Java is high-performance. The Java language is multi-threaded. The Java language is dynamic.

Delphi is a new generation visual development tool developed by Borland Company, which can be used in Windows 3. x, Windows 95, Windows NT and other environments. At present, DELPHI can also develop applications for the LINUX platform, and its corresponding product Kylix on LINUX.
Compile directly to generate executable code, which is fast.
It supports two schemes that the access rules are respectively handed over to the client or server for processing, and allows developers to create a simple component or component set to encapsulate all rules and be independent of the server and client. All data transfer is completed through these components.
It provides many fast and convenient development methods,
It is reusable and extensible.
It has powerful data access function.
Have strong network development capability
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5. All classes in Delphi must derive from TObject. TList and TCollection are easy to implement (originally, C++introduced multiple inheritance and templates for these features)

6. RTTI of Delphi (Run Time Type Information) Directly supported by compiler (The same is true of the C++specification. Compilers after VC4.0 also support this feature, but MFC has always been implemented in its own way for compatibility. Therefore, two well-designed macros, DECLARE_DYNAMIC ELEMENT_DYNAMIC, are available. I think its design is very good, but I don't think that things patched like this have features directly supported by the compiler Simplicity and elegance)

7. Dynamic Create. For the same reason, MFC has introduced two other macros, DECLARE_DYNAMIC and IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC

8. The serialization of Delphi can be supported by any class derived from TPersistent (TComponent is derived from it, and Delphi's. DFM is an example of its use)

9. The document view structure of MFC should also become a classic design. Unfortunately, I can't find it in Delphi

10. C++can declare the following structure, and I don't know how Delphi should do it
  Struct ABC{
    A:1;
    B:3;
    }
The lowest unit in Delphi seems to be Byte, which can only be handled by its own program (just like those macros in MFC, very annoying)

11. The interface document of Windows is based on C, so the application of the latest technology is not as convenient as VC. You need to set up many header files. h, which will be annoying
(I think this is the most important point. I don't know why Royal Blue doesn't produce a conversion tool.)

12. People who use C and C++should develop Windows programs and use MFC. Generally speaking, it is a laborious task. So these programmers know more about the system, and they can't work without understanding it.
Delphi programmers are different. Because of the great convenience of VCL, they mainly use controls. Their understanding of the system is not as profound as that of VC programmers.

13. In general, Delphi's syntax is simpler than that of C++(without the burden of compatibility), and its compilation speed is faster. In addition, if I say that the compiler technology of MS is not as good as Royal Blue, I think no one will object. Royal Blue's compiler implements all features first

14. From the difficulty of using tools (on Windows platform)
Assembly>>C>>C++>>VC>>Delphi
But in terms of the functions that language can make people think, everyone is the same, just as simple sequence, selection, and circulation can realize all program logic. As long as assembly can be directly used in the program, its ability should be the same as assembly (in the most exaggerated case, I use assembly everywhere) It is very biased to think that VC is better than Delphi simply because VC is harder to get started than Delphi. Otherwise, why not use SDK directly, but use MFC. If we want to display the ability to change, we should use machine code, because assembly is simpler than Delphi

In fact, the comparison between VC and Delphi is actually on one level
C++  VS  Object Pascal
MFC  VS  VCL
Obviously, the C++language and Object Pascal have their own characteristics, which can be said to be tied
There is a lot of garbage in the structure of MFC to maintain compatibility, but it is difficult for MFC developers,
VCL is very beautiful and exquisite
But don't think VCL is better than MFC. Don't forget that MFC is something of MS, but this is really everything.

But I personally think that from the perspective of language
Assembly of the first generation universal language
C. Pascal Second Generation Universal Language
C++, OBject Pascal 2.5 generation (mixed procedural and object)
SmallTask 3rd generation (pure object)
Three point five generation of Jave and C # (pure object with network as the core)

Even VB, PowerBuild (based on C++) and VF are not universal languages, and can't be compared
And these are just tools, just like knives and swords. The same knife and the same sword have different power in different hands. This article was published on the Beijing website production company Shangpin China //ihucc.com/