The Development Process of Internet in China
Source: Shangpin China |
Type: website encyclopedia |
Time: 2015-06-18
The development of the Internet in China started very late. The history can be traced back to Professor Qian Tianbai's sending of China's first e-mail on September 14, 1987, which opened the prelude to the use of the Internet by Chinese people. Reviewing the development of the Internet in China, it can be roughly divided into five stages. 1. Phase I: China Internet Research Pilot Phase 1987-1993 was also the first time for China to know the Internet. At this stage, domestic scientific and technological workers began to access Internet resources, Website construction The application is also limited to a small range of e-mail services. In 1986, the Beijing Institute of Computer Application Technology and the University of Karlsruhe in Germany launched an international Internet project called CANET (Chinese Academic Network) - China Academic Network In September 1987, the first Internet e-mail node in China was officially built in the Beijing Institute of Computer Application Technology On September 14, Professor Qian Tianbai sent China's first e-mail, "Across the Great Wall we can reach every corner in the world.". Subsequently, with the support of the National Science and Technology Commission, CANET began to provide Internet e-mail services to the scientific research, academic and educational circles in China. In 1989, the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences realized the forwarding of international e-mail through the host agent of Stanford Accelerator Center. In 1990, the 15th Institute of the Ministry of Electronics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University and other units cooperated with German GMD to implement the implementation of the X 400 MHS message processing system CRN (Chinese Research Network) project 25 lines, connecting to the Internet e-mail system. TUNET, the campus network of Tsinghua University, has also cooperated with UBC of Canada to realize the implementation of the X 400 international MHS message processing system. Therefore, domestic science and technology educators can use the Internet e-mail service through the public telephone network or public packet switching network. In October 1990, China officially registered the highest domain name CN with the International Internet Information Center (InterNIC), which opened Internet e-mail using its own domain name. After CANET, some other universities and research institutes in China have also opened Internet e-mail connections. 2. The second stage: China's Internet education research application stage From 1994 to 1995, this stage experienced a short time, but developed rapidly. In just over a year, China's Internet construction has been in full swing. It is not only officially connected to the Internet, but also can provide services with all the functions of the Internet. However, the applications at this stage are mainly for education and scientific research services. In April 1994, the education and scientific research demonstration network project in Zhongguancun area was connected to the Internet through Sprint of the United States, and a 64Kbps international special line was opened. All functions of the Internet were connected through TCP/IP connection. Since then, China has been officially recognized internationally as a country with the Internet. On May 15, 1994, the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences set up the first web server in China and launched the first set of web pages. Later, several Internet network projects such as CHINANET, CERNET, CSTNET, CHINAGBN were launched nationwide. The year 1995 was the year with the fastest network development in China. Four backbone network systems were completed and put into trial operation. The four backbone networks are: (1) CSTNET, the science and technology network of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2) CERNET, an educational and scientific research network of the Ministry of Education (3) CHINANET, a Chinese public computer Internet, was established by the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (4) CHINAGBN, the former Jinqiao Network of the Ministry of Electronics, So far, China's Internet construction has not only been developed among universities and research institutes in Beijing, but also radiated to other provinces and cities. In March 1995, the Chinese Academy of Sciences completed the connection of four branches in Shanghai, Hefei, Wuhan, and Nanjing, marking the first step in the expansion of the Internet nationwide. 3. The third stage: China's Internet business application stage From 1995 to 1997, at this stage, four major backbone networks were fully opened and provided Internet services, and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) all over the country sprung up like mushrooms. In June 1995, CHINANET Phase I project was completed and passed the telephone network, DDN special line and X 25 networks and other means began to provide Internet access services to the society. In January 1996, CHINANET, as a commercial network, was fully opened to the public and provided comprehensive Internet services. Since then, the Internet has entered thousands of households. ISPs from all over the country have been on the scene to provide dialing and other pick up services. So far, the Internet in China has begun to develop rapidly, which also marks that the development of Internet in China has entered the stage of commercial application. In September 1996, the 256K special line connecting China Golden Bridge Information Network (CHINAGBN) to the United States was officially opened, which added new power to Internet business services. In November of the same year, China Education and Research Network (CERNET) opened the 2M international channel. With the commercialization of the international Internet, China's Internet has entered an orderly development process. 4. The fourth stage: the rapid development stage of China's Internet From 1998 to 2000, the Internet in China was rapidly promoted in two directions at this stage. One was the rapid development of commercial networks, and the other was the start of the government Internet access project and the enterprise Internet access project. Since 1998, the annual growth rate of the number of hosts and Internet users has been more than 80%. In 1999, the annual growth rate reached three digits. By 2000, the annual growth rate reached the peak of this stage. The annual growth rate of hosts reached 345%, and the annual growth rate of users reached 3225%. By 2001, the rapid growth rate began to fall back, and the Internet entered a period of decelerating growth. 5. The fifth stage: the information business highway of China's Internet Since 2000, China's Internet has developed rapidly, widely and deeply, making it an important part of Chinese social life. From scientific research, education to other industries and fields, the Internet has become a part of their own development and progress. At this stage, it is no longer a luxury consumption for ordinary users to access the Internet in China, but a must in people's daily life. The Internet in China is also developing towards an information superhighway. On the basis of the original four backbone networks, China's Internet has constantly added new backbone networks, including the following seven. (1) China Unicom Computer Internet (UNINET) (2) China Netcom Public Internet (CNCNET) (3) China Mobile Internet (CMNET) (4) CGWNET (5) China Internet for International Economy and Trade (CIETNET) (6) China Railcom Internet (CRNET) (7) China Satellite Group Internet (CSNET) The original China Golden Bridge Information Network CHINAGBN has been merged into China Netcom, and the ten backbone networks of China Internet have been interconnected. Among them, except for China Education and Research Computer Network (for education and research), China Science and Technology Network (for more than 1000 scientific research institutes, scientific and technological departments and high-tech enterprises), China Great Wall Network (for the military) And China International Economic and Trade Internet (non operational, for enterprises and institutions in the national foreign trade system), which are public welfare interconnected units, and the other six are operational interconnected units, all of which can provide access services to the society. The bandwidth of major backbone networks is constantly improving. For details, please go to the website: http// stats. cnnic. Cn/Check the "China Internet Connection Bandwidth Map". In recent years, the direct connection bandwidth between the backbone networks of China's interconnected units has been continuously expanded, which has improved the quality of China's network communications to a certain extent. At the same time, various real estate developers have begun to cooperate with ISPs to implement fiber laying to the end of users, and solve the "last 1000 meters" problem The local area network of colleges and universities is gradually transitioning or upgrading to Gigabit Ethernet, which marks that China's Internet has begun to move towards an information superhighway.
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