Figure 1: Government intensive website construction type
1、 Intensive infrastructure
1. Overview of infrastructure intensification
Intensive infrastructure is the most basic intensive way to solve the problem of waste caused by repeated investment, repeated construction and insufficient utilization of resources in computer rooms and equipment. If cloud computing center is used for infrastructure intensification, it is recommended that the first level government (such as provincial and municipal level) build a cloud computing center to provide virtual facility resources to website organizers in the form of cloud services, so as to save money, improve equipment utilization, and achieve the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction. At present, the cloud computing technology and management model used for such intensification are mature and have successful experience, but security risks will also be concentrated.
Figure 2: Government website Intensive infrastructure
two Intensive construction mode of infrastructure
Mode 1: self built and self managed. The government informatization department applies for financial funds, selects competent professional cloud service providers for construction through public bidding, and builds cloud computing center and disaster recovery center. The ownership of the cloud computing center and the disaster recovery center belongs to the government agencies, and the O&M also purchases the professional O&M services of the cloud computing center through public bidding.
Mode 2: direct purchase. In accordance with the principle of separation of ownership and management rights, the model of "government purchases services and service providers build and operate" is adopted. Professional cloud service providers build new cloud computing centers, or they can fully integrate and utilize the existing infrastructure, computing, storage, disaster recovery centers and other resources to build government cloud computing centers suitable for the government industry.
three Thoughts on Intensive Infrastructure Construction
One form of intensive infrastructure of government websites is the data center, which has been popularized in many government institutions, and has entered a mature stage with mature technology and rich successful cases. The cloud computing center (government cloud) is still a new thing. With the strong support of the state, it has been piloted in dozens of cities, districts and counties, and has achieved gratifying results, which is suitable for large-scale promotion nationwide. The idea of intensive infrastructure construction is as follows:
Policies promote the construction of cloud computing center
Carry out the construction and pilot application of cloud computing center
Construction of remote disaster recovery center
Steadily implement the deployment and migration of website groups
Establish the operation, maintenance and security assurance system of cloud computing center
Establish cloud computing center construction, operation and maintenance management and service standard system
Establish the service quality evaluation system of cloud computing center
Establish a unified government purchase system
four Intensive construction model of infrastructure
Through the virtual deployment of server hardware, network equipment and storage resources, and in coordination with the cloud computing management platform, infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is realized. IaaS platform also provides a good basic platform for higher level cloud computing services PaaS and SaaS, and has high adaptability and expansion space. The standard model of infrastructure intensification is shown in the figure below;
Figure 3: Intensive infrastructure construction model: cloud computing center
2、 Intensive application support platform
1. Overview of application support platform intensification
The application support platform plays a connecting role in the whole website system architecture, providing technical support for the construction, management, maintenance of government websites and various applications and services on the website, and providing a software environment for the website operation. The PaaS+SaaS private cloud service mode is preferred for the application support platform. The platform must be stable and secure. The openness and scalability of the platform are the key to meet the personalized needs. If the first level government builds an intensive platform, it is suggested that the standards should be moved first and step by step. This kind of intensive mode has small technical difficulty, quick effect, concentrated safety risks, and is easy to be monopolized by a few manufacturers.
Figure 4: Intensive infrastructure of government websites
two Intensive application support platform architecture
According to the actual situation and conditions of governments at all levels, a unified application support platform at the provincial and ministerial levels can be built in areas where informatization construction is relatively concentrated to provide website application support services for provincial (system) government department websites. In areas where the informatization construction is relatively decentralized, we can consider to build a unified application support platform in the region, and support the applications and services of the upper government websites with PaaS services, SaaS services, interfaces, and components. The standard intensive application support platform architecture is shown below;
Figure 5: Intensive application support platform for government websites
three Intensive mode of local application support platform
The application support platform intensification of local governments can be divided into three levels: provincial, municipal and district/county intensification. The intensification of the application support platform for provincial government websites can be built based on the provincial cloud computing center. The provincial government website group and the municipal government website group are all built, maintained and operated on this platform. Municipal platforms and county-level platforms, and so on. When building a local intensive platform, it should meet the daily supervision needs of the superior to the subordinate platform.
Figure 6: Intensive mode of local application support platform
four The vertical pipe department applies the intensive mode of support platform
The website clusters of vertical management departments are often built in a nationwide centralized manner, and usually have a good intensive foundation. Therefore, the intensive construction of the website application support platform of vertical management departments can continue to follow the idea of large-scale intensification, that is, service intensification, platform intensification, data intensification, management intensification, and deployment of a unified application support platform based on the cloud computing center of ministries and commissions, All websites in the system are built, operated and managed on the platform.
Figure 7: Intensive mode of application support platform for vertical pipe department
The biggest problem brought by the national intensive way of website information and services of vertical management departments is centralized management. Under the principle of centralized management, hierarchical management should be allowed in website management, that is, the mode of "unified and decentralized combination", so as to reduce the daily management pressure of the top management unit.
3、 Intensive service
1. Overview of service intensification
The intensification of government website service is the highest level of intensification in the construction of government website intensification, which has high requirements for cross departmental business collaboration, business process reengineering, data resource sharing, and unified service planning. The intensive service of government websites can largely solve the problem of the public's difficulty in finding information and handling affairs, achieve the goal of "running less streets and reducing online dead ends", and effectively reduce administrative and social costs. By providing one-stop government online information and services through the intensive portal, the functional boundaries of departments on the website will be increasingly integrated. This intensive approach has risks such as high requirements for top-level design, great resistance to cross departmental collaboration, high technical security risks, and slow construction results.
Figure 8: Intensive government website services
two Service intensive application scenarios
At present, the intensification of government website services cannot realize the intensification and integration of all online information and services in one step, which is a long-term step-by-step process. Common application scenarios include: one-stop government portal, one-stop government service hall, one-stop government information disclosure, government data opening, unified search portal, citizen web page and enterprise exclusive web page, which means building a unified one-stop service for a certain social needs.
(1) One stop government portal
In line with the guiding ideology of "taking the public as the center", the government website should strengthen its service function to meet the public needs. Transform from decentralized service to "one-stop" service, provide one-stop information release service, one-stop interactive communication service, one-stop online service, and transform from technology driven to information and service driven. Most government units are building or will build such a one-stop portal.
(2) One stop online government service hall
"One stop government affairs service hall" means that enterprises or citizens can solve all relevant matters that need to be handled by the government as long as they access a government affairs service website. Its core element is not the concentration of multiple departmental websites, but the realization of business logic concentration through network and computer technology, the realization of cross departmental collaborative services, the combination of online and offline, the acceptance of feedback through multiple channels, resource sharing, collaborative approval, and the realization of "one-stop to the bottom". Enterprises and citizens can handle relevant applications online without leaving their homes, not to mention multiple applications on multiple departmental websites. They should run fewer roads and networks, which will greatly reduce social costs.
(3) One stop government information disclosure
The Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Disclosure of Government Information clearly stipulates the basic principles, the scope of disclosure, the methods and procedures of disclosure, supervision and security. This regulation is the basic regulation of government information disclosure in China. According to the basic requirements of "openness as principle, non openness as exception", we vigorously promote the work of government affairs disclosure. As an important carrier of information disclosure, government websites should build an online information disclosure platform while strengthening the construction of e-government. The information disclosure platform shall meet the requirements of the Regulations on information classification, information content filling process and information content filling specification involved in government information sorting.
(4) Open government data
Build a unified open platform for government data, formulate open directories and data collection standards, and open government data to the public according to the standardized data format. Social forces such as enterprises can use these data to create value, create new service industries, and let economic growth potential play out. Promote mass innovation, crowdsourcing, crowd support, and crowd funding to provide conditions for mass entrepreneurship and innovation. The construction of the government data open platform should eliminate the "islands" between different information platforms and achieve interconnection. The related data content and data structure must have a strict logical connection in order to achieve real-time updates.
(5) Unified search portal
The "unified search portal" is an important service window and tool for government portals to provide information retrieval services externally and internally. With the deepening of user search behavior and the deepening of the concept of "user centered", visibility, usability, ease of use, etc. have gradually become important indicators of influence on major government websites. Therefore, The necessity of building a unified search portal has also increased. As a tool to search, extract, organize, process and provide retrieval services for network information, intelligent search is becoming the core function of Internet applications and the main way for users to obtain Internet information resources. After years of construction and operation, government websites (groups) have accumulated a lot of information. A powerful search portal can effectively solve the problem of not being able to find and not being able to search.
(6) Citizen website
"Citizen web page" is an intensive and intelligent personal portal provided by the government for citizens. It integrates the information resources of various departments, integrates all kinds of government information, livelihood services, interactive exchanges, and online services related to citizens in one personalized portal, accurately pushes the information needed by citizens, and truly realizes online, zero distance "my government", Greatly improve citizens' satisfaction with government services.
(7) Enterprise exclusive webpage
"Enterprise exclusive web page" is an intensive and intelligent enterprise online service portal provided by the government for enterprises, which generally adopts real name registration and digital certificate authentication mechanism. Enterprises can easily query the registration, service, rewards and punishments of various departments in their own portal in a centralized one-stop manner, and directly reach the administrative approval and social affairs services of various departments with one click, Check the progress and guidance of work at any time. At the same time, the government website provides them with personalized services such as tax, license, social security, provident fund and other exclusive inquiries, notifications, reminders, etc. Enterprises can enjoy government services more quickly and directly.
three Service intensive construction route
The intensification of government website services is often a higher level of intensive construction based on the intensification of infrastructure, application support platform, and data. The workload is larger and the difficulty is higher, and it involves political system reform, business process reengineering, etc. It needs deep change to be completed.
The key links of the intensification of government website services include: top-level design, step-by-step implementation, pilot promotion and continuous improvement. Each process and node of its intensification needs careful design and steady progress to achieve the desired results.
Figure 9: Road map for information and service intensification of government websites
four 、 Local government website Service intensive construction mode
The information and service intensification of local governments can be divided into three levels: provincial, municipal and county. The intensification of provincial government website services can integrate the information and services of provincial portal websites and provincial department websites, the intensification of prefecture level government website services can integrate the information and services of prefecture level government portal websites and municipal department websites, and the intensification of district and county level government website services can be built on this level platform or migrated to the superior (prefecture level) portal platform, No matter on which level of website platform, the services of departments, villages and towns, and street websites under the district/county level are integrated into the district/county portal website, without any further reservation.
five Intensive construction mode of website services of vertical management departments
The services of the websites of the vertical management departments are often centralized nationwide, such as inspection and quarantine, customs and other departments, and generally have a good foundation for intensification. Therefore, the intensive construction of the website services of the vertical management departments can continue to follow the idea of large-scale intensification, that is, service intensification, platform intensification, data intensification, and management intensification.
