Website construction specification
Source: Shangpin China |
Type: website encyclopedia |
Date: December 19, 2015
Before any website is developed, a development convention and rule should be customized, which is conducive to the overall style of the project, code maintenance and expansion. Due to the decentralized, independent, integrated and interactive characteristics of website project development, it is particularly important to develop a complete set of agreements and rules. These rules and agreements need to be discussed and formulated with developers, designers and maintainers, and future development will strictly follow the rules or agreements. Each team should have its own set of specifications for development. A good and feasible specification can make our work easier and more effective.
1. Build a development team
The first thing after taking over the project is to organize Website construction Teams can be dozens of people or small teams with only a few people according to the size of the project. There should be six roles in the team division. These six roles are necessary, namely, project manager, planner, artist, programmer, code integrator and tester. If the project is large enough and the number of people is large enough, it will be divided into 6 groups, and the division of labor of each group will be subdivided. Let's briefly introduce the specific responsibilities of these six roles.
- The project manager is responsible for the overall design of the project, the customization and monitoring of the development progress, the customization of the corresponding development specifications, the review of each link, and the coordination of the development among the member groups.
- Planning provides detailed planning scheme and demand analysis, including the planning of website promotion in the later stage.
- Artists design website VI, interface and logo according to planning and needs.
- The programmer designs the database and the realization of functional modules according to the overall design of the project.
- The code integrator is responsible for integrating the programmer's code and interface, and can also make relevant pages of the website.
- The tester is responsible for testing the program.
2. Development tool specification
The website development tool is mainly divided into three parts. The first part is the website foreground development tool, the second part is the website background development environment, and the third part is the website project management platform. The software required for these three parts is briefly introduced below.
Website foreground development mainly refers to website page design, including website overall framework establishment, common pictures, Flash animation design, etc. The main software used is Adobe Photoshop, Dreamweaver, Flash, etc.
Website background development mainly refers to website dynamic program development and database creation. The main software and technology used are PHP and database. PHP is a very excellent website program development language, which is welcomed by many website developers with comprehensive functions and simple editing methods. There are many kinds of database systems. At present, relational database systems are the most common. The so-called relational database system provides data to users in the form of tables, and all database operations use old tables to generate new tables. Common relational databases include MySQL and SQL Server.
Website project management mainly refers to the control of development progress and code version. The development progress is made by Microsoft Project, and the code version is controlled by Visual SourceSafe. Of course, there are other options, such as CVS and Rational ClearCase. The website test uses Microsoft Application Center Test, a tool attached to VS.net, which can perform parallel and load tests. The program document is written in Word.
3. Hyperlink Specification
Hyperlinks in web pages can be divided into three forms according to different link paths: "absolute path", "relative path" and "root directory relative path".
Due to the simple hierarchy of small websites, the folder structure is only two or three layers, and the changing effect of website content and structure, the "relative path" is completely competent.
When the website is larger, because the folder structure is more and more complex, and template based design methods are widely used, the use of relative paths will cause problems such as the hyperlink code is too long, and the hyperlinks in the template cannot be directly used in different folder structure levels. At this time, using the relative path of the root directory is an ideal choice. It can make the hyperlink pointing absolute. No matter what level of folder in the website, the relative path of the root directory can be accurately pointed to.
When the scale of the website grows again and becomes a website group with a series of sub websites, hyperlinks between various websites have to adopt an absolute path. In order to facilitate the sharing of various websites in the website group, it is better to store various public design resources in the form of folders in single domain websites in the past in the form of independent resource websites. Each subsite can use an absolute path to call it.
Hyperlink design of websites is an old topic and also very important. Designing and applying hyperlinks is indeed a task that requires designers to have high planning abilities, and most of these planning abilities are acquired through experience accumulation, so you should be good at and diligent in summarizing.
4. Naming specification for database development
The database file is named using the system name+_+file type. For example, if the system name is use, the database file is named use_database.mdf. Some databases have multiple files, for example, SQL Server has two. One is a database file, and the other is a log file. Their file names are use_database.mdf and use_log.log, respectively. File names are all in lower case.
When naming a database table, the length of the table name cannot exceed 30 characters. All words contained in the table name shall be in singular form. The first letter of the word shall be capitalized, and no connection symbol shall be used between multiple words. If there are multiple systems in the database, the table name uses the system name+words or multiple words. The system name is the abbreviation of the development system, and the system name uses all lowercase English characters, such as bbsTitle, bbsForumType. If the database contains only one system, the table name uses only one word or multiple words. Word selection can summarize one or more English words in the table, such as UserInfo and UserType. The association table naming rule is Re_ table A_ table B. Re is the abbreviation of Relative, such as Re_User_ArticieType and Re_User_FormType.
When naming database fields, all database field names are lowercase English words separated by words. The naming rule is table alias+words, such as user_name, user_pwd.
5. Folder and file naming conventions
The folder is generally named in English, with a length of no more than 20 characters and lowercase letters. The file name shall be a combination of lowercase English letters, numbers and underscores. The guiding ideology of naming is: first, to make each member of the working group understand the meaning of each file easily; second, when using the order by name command in a folder, files of the same category can be arranged together for operations such as searching, modifying, and replacing.
Pay attention to the following rules when naming files and folders.
1) Try not to use abbreviations that are difficult to understand
Do not use abbreviations that are difficult to understand, especially abbreviations with only the first letter. In website design, designers often use some abbreviations that only they can understand. The use of these abbreviations will bring hidden dangers to the maintenance of the site. For example, xwhtgl and xwhtdl, if they are not told that they are the phonetic abbreviations of news background management and news background login, no one can know what they mean.
2) Do not reuse the name of this folder or other upper folders
Repeating the name of this folder or the upper folder will increase the length of the file name and folder name, causing inconvenience in the design. If a banner folder is created in the images folder to store advertisements, the banner prefix should not be added to the naming of each banner.
3) Strengthen the management of temporary files and temporary folders
Some files or folders are created for temporary purposes, such as short-term website announcements or promotional information, temporary download, etc. Do not place these files and folders randomly.
An ideal method is to set up a temporary folder to place various temporary files, use simple naming conventions appropriately, clean up irregularly, and delete obsolete files in time.
4) Avoid using special symbols in naming files and folders
Special symbols refer to the characters such as "&", "+", "," that will cause the website to fail to work properly, as well as all punctuation marks of Chinese double bytes.
5) Use hyphens in compound words
In some naming words, hyphens can be used to combine them according to the meaning of the words.
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